Bulk Carrier Port State Control

5
5 - Bulk Carrier
Port State Control
1
5 Port State Control
Bulk Carriers
Port State Control

1 – “Initial” inspection:
- examination of certificates/documents
- manning control
- provisions of STWC 95
- provisions of ILO 147
2 - “More detailed” inspections:

- inspection of ship structure and equipment
- operational requirements
3 - “Expanded” inspection: subject to be performed once

during a period of 12 months and is conducted on the
Bulk Carriers, older than 12 years of age.
Bulk Carrier Port State Control - 12/10/2007 2

Bulk Carriers
Procedures for more detailed inspection of ship

structural requirements
1 - PSCO’s impression of hull maintenance and the general

state on deck, the condition of deck fittings and areas of
corrosion or pitting, influence the PSCO’s decision.
2 - Significant areas of damage or corrosion, or pitting of

plating and associated stiffening affecting seaworthiness
may be a ground for detention. It may be requested to
check underwater part.
3 - PSCO will pay particular attention to the structural integrity

and seaworthiness of Bulk Carriers.

Bulk Carriers

4 - PSCO’s assessment of the structure of Bulk Carriers is

based on the Survey Report File (ESP File) carried on
board. This file contains:
- Reports of structural surveys,
- Structure Condition Evaluation Report,
- Thickness Measurement Reports,
- ESP Planning
The lack on board of the ESP File is normally considered

as a PSC deficiency / ground for detention.

Bulk Carriers
5 – Based on the examination of the ESP file (or if no ESP file is on
board), a more detailed inspection of the structure may be
performed by PSCO, who will inspect the hull structure, piping
system i.w.o. holds, cofferdams, pipe tunnels, void spaces
i.w.o. cargo space, ballast tanks, etc.
6 - PSCO inspects holds’ main structure for any obviously

unauthorized repairs.
7 - If applicable, bulk carrier booklet will be verified by PSCO to

confirm whether is endorsed for any restriction imposed for
carriage of solid bulk cargoes and for loading triangle
permanent marking.
8 - PSCO checks that water level alarms in cargo hold are fitted.

Bulk Carriers
Procedures for expanded inspection of Bulk Carriers
1 - Closing of the watertight doors.
2 - Possible corrosion of deck machinery foundations.
3 - Possible deformation and/or corrosion of hatch covers.
4 - Possible cracks or local corrosion in transverse bulkheads.
5 – Access to the cargo holds.
6 - Verification that the ESP file contains the relevant documents

endorsed by the Classification Society.

Bulk Carriers
PSC Statistics: Transport Canada – Annual Report 2005

Bulk Carriers
PSC Statistics: Transport Canada – Annual Report 2005

Bulk Carriers
Paris MOU – Annual Report 2005

Bulk Carriers
Paris MOU – Annual Report 2005

Bulk Carriers
USCG – Annual Report 2005

Bulk Carriers
Tokio MOU – Annual Report 2006

Bulk Carriers

Bulk Carriers

Bulk Carriers
Detained Bulk Carriers in recent years
The following deficiencies have been found and considered as

ground for detention by the PSCO on Bulk Carriers:
ESP FILE MISSING:

- Thickness survey measurement survey report.
- Structural Condition Evaluation Report.
- ESP Planning.
TOP SIDE WB TANKS:

- Bulkheads between TSWB Tanks were found cracked and
perforated.
- The web frames, brackets, floors in TSWB Tanks were found
corroded, holed and cracked.
- Numerous worn out anodes were found in the TSWB Tanks.

Bulk Carriers
AFT PEAK TANK:

- Engine Room Aft Bulkhead was found corroded and
perforated.
- Aft Peak found heavy rusted and corroded, 1st platform
found corroded and holed.
HATCH COVERS AND HATCH COAMINGS:

- Hatch end beam wasted.
- Hatch covers damaged.
- Cracks on the hatch covers.
- Several hatch covers closing devices (cleats) were in
poor condition.
- Hatch coaming brackets wasted and cracked.
- Hatch girder plates were found cracked.

Bulk Carriers
CARGO HOLDS
- Lower stools in cargo hold - bolts and nuts missing on
covers.
- Cargo hold side shell frames’ brackets damaged and
distorted.
- Cargo hold hatch opening radius corner fractured.

Bulk Carriers
Reminder from BV Rules

ESP FlLE
The owner is to supply and maintain an ESP file containing the
following documentation (kept for the life time of the ship).
A survey report file:

- Reports of structural surveys
- Hull Condition Evaluation Report
- Thickness Measurement Reports & other info which may identify
suspect areas
- ESP Survey Plan
The following additional documents is to be made available on board:

- Main structural plans of cargo holds and ballast tanks
- Previous repair history
- Cargo & Ballast history
- Ship’s personnel reports on: structural deterioration/defects, leakage
on the bulkheads & piping system, condition of coating or corrosion
prevention system
- Other info that may help to identify suspect & critical structural areas
Bulk Carriers
PSC – Web Frame in Top Side W.B. Tank
Detention date: 02/10/03

Bulk Carriers

Bulk Carriers
PSC – Side Shell Longitudinal in Top Side W.B. Tank
Detention date: 02/10/03.

Bulk Carriers
Detention date: 02/10/03.

Bulk Carriers
PSC – Sloping Longitudinal in Top Side W.B. Tank

Bulk Carriers
PSC – Deck Longitudinal in Top Side W.B. Tank

Bulk Carriers

Bulk Carriers
PSC – Deck Longitudinal in Top Side W.B. Tank

Bulk Carriers

Bulk Carriers
PCS – Stringer platform in Aft Peak Tank

Bulk Carriers
PSC – Hatch Coaming Plate and Brackets

Bulk Carriers
PSC – Hatch Coaming Bracket

Bulk Carriers
PSC – Hatch Cover Top Plating

Bulk Carriers
PSC – Hatch Cover Bracket

Bulk Carriers
PSC – Hatch Cover Fwd Plate

Bulk Carriers
PSC – Holed Forecastle Deck Plate

Bulk Carriers
PSC – Leaking from the APT

Bulk Carriers
CASE STUDY - 1

Chronology
Bulk Carriers
 30 June 2004
• The ship is placed on Technical Monitoring
 21 February 2008
• The ship is placed on the list for Vertical Technical Audit to be carried out in
2008
 From 12 February till 29 March 2008

• Class and Statutory Renewal Surveys
 13 June 2008
• The ship is detained at Tarragona, Spain.
• Following identification of structural defects iwo Fore Peak Tank, the
detention was determined as Class Related by PSC. Visit of EMSA onboard
 From 25 June till 01 July 2008

• VTA carried out at Algeciras, Spain
• Significant number of technical deficiencies identified throughout the vessel
• Decision for investigation of the circumstances of the case by DNS 37
Bulk Carrier Port State Control - 12/10/2007
VTA findings
Bulk Carriers
 Fore peak tank

VTA findings
Bulk Carriers
 No. 1 SB Top Side Tank

VTA findings
Bulk Carriers
 No. 4 PS Top Side Tank

VTA findings
Bulk Carriers
 Cargo Holds

VTA findings
Bulk Carriers
 Miscellaneous
Duct Keel Hatch Coaming
Hatch Cover Hatch Cover

VTA findings
Bulk Carriers
 Miscellaneous
WBT Air Vents WBT Air Vents
Damper Electrical

VTA findings
Bulk Carriers
 Miscellaneous
Electrical Accommodation
Anchor Chain Small Hatches

Root Cause Analysis
Bulk Carriers
 Why was the vessel detained less than three months after the class renewal
surveys were completed ?
 Why was the vessel in such a substandard condition ?
Root cause analysis - Several factors may have contributed to the

detention:
• BV procedures/instructions not
followed by attending surveyors
• Lack of preparation for the surveys
• Means of access not provided
• TM not properly carried out and
supervised
• Repair works not properly done
• Lack of supervision during survey
• Lack of maintenance after the surveys
Each of the above factors have been
analysed to ascertain their
contribution to the substandard
condition of the ship
5 General context / Survey preparation
Port State Control
Bulk Carriers
 The ship was under technical monitoring and a message was

sent to the SSOM, delegate SSOM and attending surveyors, prior
to the commencement of surveys, requesting information on
ship's maintenance status and for a selection of photographs to
be taken and sent to the MO
• The information requested was not provided
 The report of the annual survey carried out 6 months before SSH
states that the coating in all cargo holds was POOR and that each
hold had areas of substantial corrosion in way of cross deck
internal structure, sloping and hopper plates, and that indents
were found on the inner bottom plating and hopper plates
• The SSH report states that there are NO areas of substantial
corrosion existing nor indents and that NO remedial works were
carried out
• The survey preparation was clearly insufficient. Important findings
on last annual survey report have been ignored by attending
surveyors
Survey planning
Bulk Carriers
 The "survey planning questionnaire" was submitted by the owner 3

weeks after the start of SSH surveys
• It should have been submitted 5 months prior to the
commencement of surveys
 The survey plan was submitted by the owner 3 weeks after the
start of SSH surveys
• It should have been submitted 2 months prior to the
commencement of surveys
 There was no evidence that the survey plan was prepared in

cooperation between the owner and the connecting district

Survey planning
Bulk Carriers
 As per BV Rules, "The renewal survey is not to commence until

the survey programme has been agreed".
• The survey started 3 weeks prior to the survey plan being
countersigned by the attending surveyor
 The meeting on board is reported as having taken place prior to

the start of surveys. There is no evidence that the Master
attended the meeting and the survey plan could not be discussed
as there was no survey plan at that date.

Survey organisation
Bulk Carriers
 The required two certified surveyors were not arranged to

undertake the SSH surveys from the start of the job.
• The second surveyor began attending the vessel more than 4 weeks
after commencement of surveys
 Close-up surveys and thickness measurements were not all

undertaken at the same time, as required.
• Surveyors time sheets reveal that time spent onboard by both
surveyors is clearly insufficient to cover the full extent of close-up
surveys required, especially with regards to TST and D/B ballast
tanks
 Thickness measurements were carried out during 35 days.

Surveyors time sheets do not reflect sufficient time onboard in
order to cover all the overall surveys, close-up surveys and to
take control of the TM process:
• Lead surveyor spent about 44 hours onboard and second surveyor
spent only 9 hours onboard during the surveys 50
Bulk Carrier Port State Control - 12/10/2007
Survey organisation
Bulk Carriers
 There is NO evidence that close-up surveys were carried out in

areas of the fore peak tank which required the use of staging
• The surveyor informed that he had requested additional staging
however this had not been provided by the superintendent. The
survey has been credited anyway
 The attending surveyors did not provide any list of

recommendations and repairs to be carried out during the survey
to the owner's representative.
• For long duration surveys, TNS 01 requires that such a list is to be
provided, in writing, as early as possible during surveys, to the
owners representative who shall countersign the list.
• The surveyor shall keep a copy of the list to be used throughout the
survey.

Survey organisation
Bulk Carriers
 It was established that neither surveyor was onboard during the

last 4 days of repairs and consequently could not ascertain that
the repairs have been performed as required on completion of
survey
• Nonetheless, the survey has been fully credited and certificates
issued
 Two surveyors were required to attend onboard to jointly perform

renewal surveys to the extent necessary to agree on actions
required to complete the survey
• It has been established that no simultaneous inspections were
performed
• Defects identified by second surveyor were reported to the lead
surveyor, however he was not let to confirm that same had been
repaired.
• It must be reminded that, when 2 surveyors are required, both are to
be mutually supportive and have joint responsibility for the surveys.
5 Survey execution – Thickness measurements
Port State Control
Bulk Carriers
 TM of transverse bulkheads in ballast tanks not carried out to the

full extent required by the Rules.
• No TM reported for the vertical plating of the collision bulkhead.
• The residual strength analysis carried out by LPO using TM taken at
Algeciras recommended structural enhancement due to wastage
 Regarding side shell frames, the surveyor endorsed a

memorandum stating that requirements of IACS UR S31 were
complied with.
• The TM report does not contain the required number of gaugings for
side web frames, zones A, B, C & D (5, 5, 3, 5 minimum gaugings per
zone), instead only one gauging in each zone is shown.
• The surveyor admitted that he did not properly control these TM
requirements

5 Survey execution – Thickness measurements
Port State Control
Bulk Carriers
 According to the VTA report from Algeciras, the transverse main
beams, under deck within cargo holds, were visibly damaged and
corroded
• No TM reported for these beams
• Lead surveyor confirmed that no TM were taken in way of these
areas

Survey execution – Structure
Bulk Carriers
 Regarding the areas of side shell frames at cargo hold No. 3

required to be renewed by the attending surveyor in Algeciras:
• These areas have been missed by the attending surveyors during
the SSH surveys. Nonetheless, a memorandum stating compliance
with UR S31 was endorsed.
• These areas have been reported as having been carried out during
intermediate survey, 18 months before.
• In fact, survey at Algeciras identified that no repair work had been
done in these areas, in contradiction to INT and SSH survey reports
 Regarding the poor corroded condition of the cargo hatch sealing

arrangements, as found during VTA:
• The surveyor informed that even though repair work was carried out
on all hatches he had only witnessed hose tests of 2 of the cargo
hatches
• The SSH survey report stated that all hatches had been hose tested

Survey execution – Structure
Bulk Carriers
 As regards the coating condition of the fore peak ballast tank:

• In June 2003, after completion of the previous SSH, the coating
condition was identified as POOR
• In September 2006, the INT survey report identifies the coating
condition as POOR
• The ballast tank protection form issued on completion of the SSH
survey identifies the coating condition as FAIR.
• There is no technical explanation or description of coating repairs
in the SSH report that could justify the upgrade of the coating
condition.
• The ASMS report provides a dedicated field for description of any
technical justification for upgrading of coating condition. This has
not been used by the attending surveyor.

5 Survey execution – Findings / Reporting
Port State Control
Bulk Carriers
 The report of the annual survey carried out 6 months before SSH
states that the coating in all cargo holds was POOR and that each
hold had areas of substantial corrosion in way of cross deck
internal structure, sloping and hopper plates, and that indents
were found on the inner bottom plating and hopper plates
• The SSH report states that there are NO areas of substantial
corrosion existing nor indents and that NO remedial works were
carried out
 Survey in Algeciras identified an indentation on the bulbous bow

of approximately 1.1 m x 0.9 m, 120 mm in depth with internal
structure deformation, requiring repair
• Memo endorsed by the surveyor stating "no necessary for repairs"

Survey monitoring and follow
Bulk up
Carriers
 It has been established that the SSOM has been at least once
onboard during the surveys, yet the evident poor condition of the
vessel did not prompt any particular monitoring nor subsequent
follow-up visit from his side.
• No information on the ship's condition was forwarded to the
CD/CM/MO in the course of the survey
• The BV supporting structure has not been used. An action towards
the owner at the time of the survey could have prevented this CR
detention
 No PR17 report was issued even though many SMS shortcomings

were evident

Bulk Carriers
CASE STUDY - 2

Chronology
Bulk Carriers
 From 18 Dec. 2007 to 20 January 2008

• Class and Statutory Renewal Surveys
 13 July 2008
• The ship is detained at Cardiff, UK.
• Following identification of structural defects on Cargo Hatch cleat brackets
severely wasted, ship maintenance and equipment. Visit of EMSA onboard
on 14/07/08
 From 10 July till 24 July 2008

• VTA carried out at Cardiff, UK
• Significant number of technical deficiencies identified throughout the vessel
• Detention was considered as class related

Chronology
Bulk Carriers
Following e-mail received from MCA on 15/07/08:

• Thank you for your survey report received yesterday. To date 183
new cleat brackets have been fitted following the detention 09/07/08.
From what the ships crew tell me these new cleat brackets were
placed onboard during dry dock January 2008. The point of the
Class responsibility is that these long term deficiencies should have
been rectified before the vessel sailed, and were not. We cannot
accept that they were placed onboard for the crew to carry out
during operations, given the extensive wastage which had greatly
reduced their securing ability.

VTA findings
Bulk Carriers
 The auditor's List of Findings identified 103 deficiencies, of which many were
of a serious nature
• Representative photographs are shown in next slides
 "Sample of the most serious findings:

• All ER fan housing intake louvres to repair.
• Corrosion to external bulkhead of oxygen room to be repaired
• Corroded areas of hatch cover stiffening to definitively repaired.
• All hatch cover stiffening to be ultrasonically thickness gauged and
repaired as required.
• All hold access house vent louvres to be repaired.
• All hatch coaming face plates to be de-scaled, ultrasonically thickness
gauged and repaired as required.
• All hatch cover closing stops to be de-scaled and repaired as required.
• All DB ballast tanks adjacent to fuel tanks to be de-scaled, ultrasonically
gauged and repaired in area 1m from fuel tank bulkhead.
Bulk Carriers

Bulk Carriers

Bulk Carriers

Bulk Carriers

Bulk Carriers

Bulk Carriers

Bulk Carriers

Bulk Carriers

Bulk Carriers

Bulk Carriers

Bulk Carriers

Bulk Carriers

Bulk Carriers

Bulk Carriers

Bulk Carriers

Bulk Carriers

Bulk Carriers

Bulk Carriers

Bulk Carriers

Bulk Carriers

Bulk Carriers

Bulk Carriers
 The vessel has left UK on 25/07/08 proceeded to XXX for definitive

repairs .
 She arrived shipyard on 06/09/08 for definitive repairs
 A follow-up VSA has been carried out on 10/10/08, following

comments made by the auditor:
 Repairs to hatch coamings, coaming tops & cover panels appear
complete. Repairs to DB’s & tanktops are almost complete. Blasting of
external areas of hatch cover panels and various other areas on deck
in progress making definitive examination difficult. Embarkation
ladders midships & aft renewed along with various sections of hold
access ladders.

Bulk Carriers
 Surveys have been completed on 20/10/08 and following repairs have

been carried out:
 AA- Hatch Coamings no.1 to 7:
 a- Fw'd and Aft transverse plates-partly,
 b- Top plates - stbd and port,
 c- hatch coaming stays - partly,
 BB- Hatch Covers:

 a- Stiffeners on No.1 and No.7 - partly,
 b- Bottom plate on No.4 - partly,
 c- Side plate on No.6 - partly,

Bulk Carriers
 Surveys have been completed on 20/10/08 and following repairs have

been carried out:
 AA- Hatch Coamings no.1 to 7:
 a- Fw'd and Aft transverse plates-partly,
 b- Top plates - stbd and port,
 c- hatch coaming stays - partly,
 BB- Hatch Covers:

 a- Stiffeners on No.1 and No.7 - partly,
 b- Bottom plate on No.4 - partly,
 c- Side plate on No.6 - partly,

Bulk Carriers
CC- Tanktop (innerbottom) plating:

a- No.3 cargo hold - partly,
b- No.5 cargo hold - partly,
c- No.6 cargo hold - partly,
d- No.7 cargo hold - partly,
DD- Double Bottom Tanks:

a- No.6 WBT:
Aft wt bulkhead at fr. 68 (P&S) - partly,
Fw'd wt bulkhead at fr.39 (P&S) - partly
b- No.2 FOT:
Long'l o.t. bulkhead and attached long'l stiffeners between fr.s no:137-171
(P&S),
c- No.3 FOT:
(P&S),
d- No.4 FOT:
(P&S),
Bulk Carriers
e- No.3 WBT:
plate floor - partly at fr.189 (S)
f- No.4 WBT:
plate floors - partly at fr.s no.142(S), 145(S), 148(S), 151(S), 154(S), 157(S),
160(S), 166(S),
g- No.5 WBT:
plate floors - partly at fr.s no. 73(S), 76(S), 79(S), 82(S), 85(P&S), 88(P&S),
91(S), 94(S), 97(P&S), 100(P&S), 102(S), 105(P&S), 108(S), 111(S),
114(P&S), 117(S), 120(P&S), 123(P&S), 126(P&S), 129(P&S), 132(P&S),
135(S),
h- No.6 WBT:
plate floors - partly at fr.s no. 42(P&S), 45(S), 54(S), 63(S), 66(P&S)

Bulk Carriers
CONCLUSION
BULK CARRIERS ARE HIGHLY TARGETED SHIPS

BY PORT STATE CONTROL
STRUCTURAL CONDITION IS CURRENTLY

SURVEYED BY PSC WHEN ATTENDING ON
BOARD A BULK CARRIER
STRUCTURAL DEFICIENCIES ARE OFTEN

CONSIDERED AS A GROUND FOR DETENTION

Bulk Carrier Port State Control

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5

Port State Control

2 - “More detailed” inspections:

3 - “Expanded” inspection: subject to be performed once

Bulk Carrier Port State Control - 12/10/2007 2

Procedures for more detailed inspection of ship

1 - PSCO’s impression of hull maintenance and the general

2 - Significant areas of damage or corrosion, or pitting of

3 - PSCO will pay particular attention to the structural integrity

Bulk Carrier Port State Control - 12/10/2007 3

Procedures for more detailed inspection of ship

4 - PSCO’s assessment of the structure of Bulk Carriers is

The lack on board of the ESP File is normally considered

Bulk Carrier Port State Control - 12/10/2007 4

6 - PSCO inspects holds’ main structure for any obviously

7 - If applicable, bulk carrier booklet will be verified by PSCO to

Bulk Carrier Port State Control - 12/10/2007 5

Procedures for expanded inspection of Bulk Carriers

1 - Closing of the watertight doors.

2 - Possible corrosion of deck machinery foundations.

3 - Possible deformation and/or corrosion of hatch covers.

4 - Possible cracks or local corrosion in transverse bulkheads.

5 – Access to the cargo holds.

6 - Verification that the ESP file contains the relevant documents

Bulk Carrier Port State Control - 12/10/2007 6

PSC Statistics: Transport Canada – Annual Report 2005

Bulk Carrier Port State Control - 12/10/2007 7

PSC Statistics: Transport Canada – Annual Report 2005

Bulk Carrier Port State Control - 12/10/2007 8

Paris MOU – Annual Report 2005

Bulk Carrier Port State Control - 12/10/2007 9

Paris MOU – Annual Report 2005

Bulk Carrier Port State Control - 12/10/2007 10

USCG – Annual Report 2005

Bulk Carrier Port State Control - 12/10/2007 11

Tokio MOU – Annual Report 2006

Bulk Carrier Port State Control - 12/10/2007 12

Tokio MOU – Annual Report 2006

Bulk Carrier Port State Control - 12/10/2007 13

Tokio MOU – Annual Report 2006

Bulk Carrier Port State Control - 12/10/2007 14

Detained Bulk Carriers in recent years

The following deficiencies have been found and considered as

ESP FILE MISSING:

TOP SIDE WB TANKS:

Bulk Carrier Port State Control - 12/10/2007 15

Detained Bulk Carriers in recent years

AFT PEAK TANK:

HATCH COVERS AND HATCH COAMINGS:

Bulk Carrier Port State Control - 12/10/2007 16

Detained Bulk Carriers in recent years

Bulk Carrier Port State Control - 12/10/2007 17

Reminder from BV Rules

A survey report file:

The following additional documents is to be made available on board:

Detention date: 02/10/03

Bulk Carrier Port State Control - 12/10/2007 19

Detention date: 02/10/03

Detention date: 02/10/03.

Bulk Carrier Port State Control - 12/10/2007 21

Detention date: 02/10/03.

Bulk Carrier Port State Control - 12/10/2007 22

Detention date: 02/10/03

Bulk Carrier Port State Control - 12/10/2007 23