Data Visualization of Bone

Mineral Density Data

Julian Benedict Swannjo
Definition
• BMD = Bone mineral density = The mineral content of an area in the
bone
• This helps in estimating the strength of a bone
• This is usually done in the femoral neck region
• The procedure is called DXA (Dual Energy X-ray absorptiometry)
Demographic data Male with/without frac-
ture

29% With fracture

Without frac-
Male and Female ratio ture

71%

Male Female with/without

49%
Female fracture
51%

With fracture
30%
Without frac-
ture

70%
Demographic data
Female and Male by age
20

18

16

14

12

10

0
35 - 40 41 - 45 46 - 50 51 - 55 56 - 60 61 - 65 66 - 70 71 - 75 76 - 80 81 - 85 86 - 90

Male Female
Male and Female BMD correlation to Age
Overall
1.6000

1.4000

1.2000

1.0000

0.8000
BMD

0.6000

0.4000

0.2000

0.0000
30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 90.0 100.0

Age

y = -0,0041x + 1,046
Correlation of overall Female BMD to Age
Female Overall
1.2000

1.0000

0.8000

0.6000
BMD

0.4000

0.2000

0.0000
40.0 45.0 50.0 55.0 60.0 65.0 70.0 75.0 80.0 85.0 90.0

Age

y = -0,0056x + 1,0988
Correlation of Overall Male BMD to age
Male overall
1.6000

1.4000

1.2000

1.0000

0.8000
BMD

0.6000

0.4000

0.2000

0.0000
30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 90.0 100.0

Age

y = -0,0041x + 1,0627
 Female scatterplot divided by their medications
Female with/without medications
1.2

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90

Legend :
No medications Glucocorticoids Anticonvulsants No medications
y = -0,0052x + 1,088 y = -0,0101x + 1,3123 y = -0,0089x + 1,2207 Glucorticoids
Anticovulsants
 Male scatterplot divided by their medications
Male w/o medications
1.6

1.4

1.2

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Legend :
No medications Glucocorticoids Anticonvulsants No medications
y = -0,0028x + 1,0019 y = -0,004x + 1,1013 y = -0,0137x + 1,8073 Glucorticoids
Anticovulsants
 Comparison of Patient’s BMD with and without fracture
1.60

1.40

1.20

1.00

0.80

0.60

0.40

0.20

0.00
Age 39 41 43 46 47 49 50 50 51 52 53 54 54 54 55 55 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 61 61 62 63 63 64 66 67 67 68 68 68 69 69 70 70 70 71 72 73 74 75 77 77 78 78 81 81 82 84 85 87 89

No fracture Fracture

Average BMD without fracture = 0,85024538

Average BMD with fracture = 0,623308
Conclusion
• BMD is affected by gender age, and possibly by medication taken
• A slight difference in BMD could already lead to fracture, so care must
be given to the density of your bone
Source
• Sharma, A. “BMD Dataset.” Kaggle, 6 Nov. 2021,
https://www.kaggle.com/amarsharma768/bmd-data.