CROP PRODUCTION AND

MANAGEMENT
DARSH LUNKER
8A
CROP

When plants of the same kind are cultivated at

one place on a large scale, it is called a crop.
Crop, in agriculture, a plant or plant product
that can be grown and harvested extensively
for profit or subsistence.
KHARIF CROPS

The cultivation of these crops happens in the

monsoon season, another name for Kharif
crop is monsoon crop. We sow the crop at the
beginning of the monsoon season around June
and harvest by September or October. Rice,
maize, bajra, ragi, soybean, groundnut, cotton
are all Kharif crops.
RABI CROP

Rabi Crops are harvested in the spring season

while it is sown in winter. The rabi crops are
sown around mid-November, preferably after
the monsoon rains are over, and harvesting
begins in April / May.
 BASIC PRACTICES
OF CROP
PRODUCTION

The basic practices of crop production are:

Ω Preparation of soil

Ω Sowing

Ω Adding manure and fertilisers

Ω Irrigation

Ω Protecting from weeds

Ω Harvesting

Ω Storage
PREPARATION OF
SOIL

No soil is ideal hence it necessitates the

preparation of the soil before and after the
cultivation. Soil fertility may be lost due to
continuous farming; for the replenishment of
soil contents, it is prepared prior to sowing of
seeds. In agriculture, ploughing, levelling, and
manuring are the three steps of soil
preparation.
PLOUGHING

Ploughing includes loosening and digging of

soil. During ploughing, the soil is loosened
which improves the aeration in the soil thus
air is available for breathing and roots are
easily penetrated between soil.
LEVELLING

Levelling helps in even distribution and soil is

levelled after ploughing. A plank of wood or
iron is used for this. Levelling also helps in
water distribution without logging during
irrigation.
MANURING

After ploughing and levelling, manure is

applied to further stages of farming. Manuring
is done to replenish the soil with nutrients and
thus helps in the proper growth of the crop.
SOWING

Sowing is the process of planting seeds in the

soil. Seed sowing is the second step in the
production of crops. Once the soil is turned
well and loosened, it will be ready for sowing
the seeds.

Different ways of sowing seeds are:

1. Sowing By hand

2. Seed drill
SOWING BY HAND

Scattering seeds by hand in the loosened soil

is a simple method of seed sowing. It is also
called broadcasting. Sowing by hand is the
most economical method among the sowing
methods.
SEED DRILL

Also called seeder, which is a modern method

of seed sowing. It is a device used for better
and more efficiency. It is done by attaching
iron drills to a tractor. It ensures that the seeds
are planted at equal intervals, distributed
evenly, and at a specific depth in the soil.
SOURCE
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Ω Image4: Knnindia.co.in Image13: Wikipedia.com

Ω Image5: Economictimes.indiatimes.com

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Ω Image7: SlideShare.com

Ω Image8: Shutterstock.com
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