Topic :

Subject : INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION

TECHNOLOGY
Term: FIRST
Session : 2020 - 2021
School: CHRISLAND SCHOOLS, LIMITED
Class : YEAR TEN
Educator :

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 Topic : TABLE OF CONTENT
WEEK 1:OVERVIEW OF COMPUTER SYSTEM WEEK 2: DATA AND INFORMATION

WEEK 3: WORD PROCESSING WEEK 4: WORD PROCESSING

WEEK 5: WORD PROCESSING WEEK 6: MID TERM BREAK

WEEK 7: COMPUTING DEVICES WEEK 8: COMPUTING DEVICES

WEEK 9: REVISION WEEK 10: END OF TERM EXAMS

WEEK 11: WEEK 12:

WEEK 13:

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WEEK 1
OVERVIEW OF COMPUTER SYSTEM

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Big Picture.
What is a computer system?
What are the major Components of a Computer

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Students should be able to:
• Define Computer
• Classify Computer into Hardware and Software
• List examples of Hardware and Software
• State the characteristics of a Computer
• Recognize a Computer Set

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Definition of a Computer
A computer is an electronic device that accepts
data as an input, processes it and gives out
information as an output.
It is an electronic device for storing and processing
data, typically in binary form, according to
instructions given to it in a variable program.
The two principal characteristics of a computer
are: it responds to a specific set of instructions in a
well-defined manner and it can execute a
prerecorded list of instructions (a program).
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Constituents of a computer
There are two constituents of a computer, which
are:
• The Hardware and
• The Software.

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The Hardware
The hardware components of a computer system are the
physical and mechanical parts of a computer system.
The major hardware components of a computer system
are:
1. Input devices
2. Output devices
3. Processor
4. Main memory
5. Secondary memory

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For typical desktop computers, the processor, main
memory, secondary memory, power supply, and
supporting hardware are housed in a metal case.
Many of the components are connected to the main
circuit board of the computer, called the
motherboard.
The Power Supply: supplies power for most of the
components. Various input devices (such as the
keyboard) and output devices (such as the monitor)
are attached through connectors at the rear of the
case.

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 Topic : Assignment

1. Define a computer.
2. List out five application software
3. Mention five examples of operating systems
4. Give four examples of a secondary memory.

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 Topic : System unit
A system unit is the part of a computer that
houses the primary devices that perform
operations and produce results for complex
calculations. It includes the motherboard, CPU,
RAM, System Chassis, Microprocessor, Memory,
Socket, Bus Lines and Expansion Slots and other
components.

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Types of System Unit:
• Desktop system unit
• Notebook system unit
• Tablet PC system unit
• Handheld computer
• Media Center system unit

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Parts of System Unit:
•Motherboard – The motherboard is the main circuit board of a microcomputer. It
is also known as the main board or system board.
•CPU – The CPU is the central electronic chip that determines the processing power
of the computer.
•Memory – Memory is the part of the computer that temporarily stores system
operating information.
•Bus – A bus is an electronic line that allows 1s and 0s to move from one place to
another.
•Expansion Slot-They are sockets into which adapters are connected.

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• Ports and Connectors – A port is a connector
located on the motherboard or on a separate
adapter.
• Bays – A bay is a space inside the computer case
where a hard drive, floppy drive or CD-ROM drive sits
• Power Supply – A power supply changes normal
household electricity into electricity that a computer
can use.
• Sound Components – A sound card lets a
computer play and record high quality sound.

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PERIPHERALS: They are computer devices, such

as a CD-ROM drive, scanner, plotter, joystick,
printer, that is not part of the essential
computer

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COMPUTER SOFTWARE
Software is a collection of instructions that
enable a user to interact with the computer or
have the computer perform specific tasks for
them. Without software, the computer would be
useless.

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Types of software
• System Software: Refers to the operating
system and all utility programs that manage
computer resources at a low level. Systems
software includes compilers, loaders, linkers,
and debuggers.
• Application software: comprises programs
designed for an end user, such as word
processors, database systems, and
spreadsheet programs.
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 Topic :CHARACTERISTICS OF A COMPUTER
• Speed
• Accuracy
• Automatic (spontaneous)
• Diligence (endurance)
• Versatility
• Adaptability
• Artificial intelligence
• Storage
• Need user input
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ASSIGNMENT
1. Define a computer system and state it
components.
2. List five characteristics of a computer system.
3. Mention five items found in the system unit.
4. Using any source of information, explain the
purpose of the Bay and Heat Sink.

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Week 2

Data and
Information
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Students should be able to:
• Define Data and Information
• State the difference between Data and
Information
• State examples of Data and Information

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Data and Information

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Data and Information

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Data
Data can be defined as a representation of facts,
concepts or instruction in a formalized manner,
which should be suitable for communication,
interpretation or processing by human or
electronic machine.
It is unprocessed or raw facts.
Data is represented with the help of characters like
alphabets (A-Z,a-z), digits (0-9) or special
characters(+,-,/,*,<,>,= etc).

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 Topic : Information
Information is organized or classified data so that it
has some meaningful values to the receiver.
Information is the processed data on which decisions
and actions are based.
For the decision to be meaningful, the processed data
must qualify for the following characteristics
• Timely - Information should be available when
required.
• Accuracy - Information should be accurate.
• Completeness - Information should be complete.
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We might enter this data into a computer…
1861977905
0806973587
0806992867
1402748124
0831110848
Without knowing the context (what the data actually
represents) the data is just a meaningless collection of
numbers.
However, if we are told that the values represent the ISBNs
of books, the values now have a context.

With context, they have meaning - they are now

information.
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Assignment
• List out the differences between data and
information.

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Week 3 - 5
WORD PROCESSING

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Students should be able to:
• Define Word Processing and Word Processor
• List examples of Word Processors
• List the features of a typical Word Processor
• Identify the features of a Word Processing
Environment

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 Topic : WORD PROCESSING
Word Processing: simply means writing, editing, and production of
documents involves manipulating text data to produce a letters,
reports, books and memo or any other type of correspondence,
through the use of a computer program.
Examples of Word Processing Software include:
1. Notepad 7. Ami Pro
2. Wordpad 8. Microsoft work
3. Microsoft Word 9. Text Maker
4. Google Docs 10. Word Perfect
5. Corel Write
6. OpenOffice Writer

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 Microsoft
Topic : Word Environment
menu bar Minimize,
Restore/Maximum
Standard tool bar Close buttons

Formatting
ruler tool bar
document
window

scroll bars
Status bar
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 Topic : USES OF WORD PROCESSING

• Writing letters
• Writing memos
• Creating reports
• Creating letter heads
• Mail merging
• Producing labels

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 Topic : Word Processing Features
1. Delete text - Allows you to erase characters, words, lines, or
pages as easily as you can cross them out on paper.
2. Cut and paste - Allows you to remove (cut) a section of text
from one place in a document and insert (paste) it somewhere
else.
3. Copy - Allows you to duplicate a section of text.
4. Page size and margins - Allows you to define various page sizes
and margins, and the word processor will automatically
readjust the text so that it fits.
5. Bold - produces dark or heavy print
6. Center - centering text evenly between the margins
7. Edit - change or modify the document
8. Font - type style and size
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 Topic : Word Processing Features
9. Insert text - Allows you to insert text anywhere in the document.
10. Search and replace - Allows you to direct the word processor to
search for a particular word or phrase. You can also direct the
word processor to replace one group of characters with another
everywhere that the first group appears.
11. Word wrap - The word processor automatically moves to the
next line when you have filled one line with text, and it will
readjust text if you change the margins.
12. Print - Allows you to send a document to a printer to get
hardcopy
13. Spelling checker - checks words or entire document for spelling

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 Topic : Assignment

1. Define word processing and word

processor.
2. State 5 examples of word processor.
3. State 4 parts of Microsoft word
working environment.
4. State two advantages and two
disadvantages of word processing.
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 Topic : Loading Microsoft Word

• Start, Programs, Microsoft Word or

• Double-click on Word shortcut on the desktop
• From the Microsoft Office Shortcut Bar, click
on New Office Document, then Blank
Document

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 Topic : Practical Activities Week 4

1. Open a new document and load the file

N10EKS.RTF
2. Set the page size to A4, page orientation to
landscape.
3. Set the top, bottom, left and right margins to 4
centimetres.
4. Save the document with the filename;
“practical”.

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 Topic :Practical Activities

Week 4 Cont.
5. Set all the text to a serif font and single line spacing.
6. Set the alignment of all the text to be fully justified.
7. Set the font size of all text to 10 point.
8. Place in the header:
• your name and class left aligned
• the automated file name and path right aligned
9. Place in the footer:
• an automated page number centre aligned
• today’s date right aligned
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 Topic :Practical Activities

Week 4 Cont.
Make sure that all the alignments match the page
orientation and margins.
Make sure that headers and footers are displayed
on each page.
10. Make sure there is a blank line 10 points high
after each paragraph and that the line spacing is
consistent.
11. Insert a blank line at the start of the document
and enter the heading EKS Club News.
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 Topic :Practical Activities

Week 4 Cont.
12. Set the font size of the heading to 36
points.
13. Add the text “Report by:” and add your
name. Place this as a subheading below the
heading.
14. Set both the heading and subheading to a
sans-serif font.
15. Make the subheading italic.
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 Topic :Practical Activities

Week 5
Complete the activities from the previous work
done in the last lesson.
1. Set the font size of the subheading to 18
points and underline the heading.
2. Make both the heading and subheading right
aligned.
3. After the subheading, format the rest of the
document into two equally spaced columns,
with a 1cm gap.
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 Topic :Practical Activities

Week 5 Cont.
4. Delete the paragraph that begins: The Power Kits
School courses … kite flying theory, teaching,
practice and safety to be covered.
5. Change the list of basic safety rules to be a
numbered list. Make sure the numbered list does
not have any blank line spaces between the items. It
includes the text from:
Do not attempt to learn …
to
Never over estimate your own ability.
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 Topic :Practical Activities

Week 5 Cont.
6. Insert a table with five columns and five rows after
the text Here are some courses we have on offer:
7. Enter the following data into the table:

Learn to use your kite

Course Level Duration Cost Group
Power kite taster Beginner 1 hour 15.00 Max 4
Basic driving techniques Intermediate 1 day 75.00 Max 4
Advanced flying or driving skills Advanced 3 hours 80.0 1 to 1

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 Topic :Practical Activities

Week 5 Cont.
8. Make sure the table fits within the column, using
text wrap where needed. Make sure text is aligned to
the top of the cell if text is wrapped.
9. Format only the text in the first two rows of the table
to be centered and underlined. Apply light grey
shading (20-40%) to the top two rows of the table.
10. Merge the cells in the top row of the table so that
the text is centred across the five columns.
11. Set all gridlines to be visible with lines 2 to 2.5 points
wide.
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 Topic :Practical Activities

Week 5 Cont.
12. Place the image N10SURF.GIF at the beginning of the
paragraph that starts Our Extreme Sports Centre gives you …
Align the image with the top line of the paragraph and left
margin. Make sure the text wraps to the right and below the
image.
Re-size the image to 3cm high and maintain the aspect ratio. It
may look like this:

Save the document.

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Creating a New Document
• Formatting - enhancing to make more
readable and attractive, such as boldface text,
italics and bullets
• Previewing and Printing - displaying onscreen
how document will look printed, allows for
final changes before printing

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Keyboard shortcuts
Shortcut Function
Ctrl+C Copy
Ctrl+V Paste
Ctrl+X Cut
Ctrl+N New
Ctrl+S Save
Ctrl+A Select all/Highlight all
Ctrl+Z Undo
Ctrl+P Print
Ctrl+K Hyperlink
Alt+F+A Save As
Ctrl+O Open
Alt+F4 Close
Alt+F+H Help
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GOOGLE DOCS
• Online word editor is developed by Google
• Address: docs.google.com
• Functions:
– Text editor
– Spreadsheets
– Slide show
– Drawing
– Create form

• Requirements: google account (e.g.: Account gmail)

• Users can share files by upload files on Internet
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DOCUMENT FORMAT
• Font format
• Paragraph format
• Title format
• Top margin and bottom margin
• Background format
• Left and right boundary

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FEATURE OF MS-WORD
• Document Formatting:
– Save time formatting documents by providing extensive
sample format
– Make predictions when users conduct document format
• Technical support multiple high-quality graphics
• Good support for sharing documents by many users
– Document Inspector
– Digital signature

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Week 4
Enter and Edit data from different
sources and organize the page layout

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Practical Session
1. Create and open documents
2. using information from different sources
3. Enter and edit text
4. Import, place and manipulate images and different
forms of information, from a variety of external sources
5. Format the page layout by setting the page size,
orientation and margins
6. Appropriately use headers and footers
7. Use columns and breaks to adjust pagination and text
flow

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MICROSOFT EQUATION
• Insert Equation

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LINKS TO OTHER DOCUMENTS AND WEB
• Insert Hyperlink

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Week 5
PRACTICAL SESSION

More on Organize the page layout and Format the text

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More on : the page layout and Format the text
Organize

1. Set text alignment

2. Set line spacing and adjust the tabulation
3. Ensure the consistency of page layout
4. Set the font styles and emphasis text
5. Format a list as specified
6. Create/Edit and format a table

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Week 7
Computing devices I
(Pre Computing Age to the 19th century)

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1. ABACUS
This is the first calculating device invented by
Chinese. It is made up of a frame divided into
two parts by a horizontal bar an vertical
threads. It is also known as Soroban in Japan
and Suan Pan in China. It is used for adding
and subtracting numbers.

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2. SLIDE RULE
Napier’s invention led directly to slide rule. It was first built in
England in 1632. It uses two logarithm scales to allow rapid
multiplication and division of numbers.

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3. NAPIER’S BONE
In 1917, Scotsman named John Napier
invented logarithm which are a technology
that allows multiplication. It consists of a
set of eleven rods, with four sides each
used as a multiplication tool. These rods
were made with bones.

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4. PASCAL’S CALCULATOR
In 1642, Blaise Pascal, a French
mathematician and scientist at age 19
invented the PASCALINE which is the
first mechanical calculating machine. It is
used for addition and subtraction of up to
8 digits number.

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 Topic : CALCULATOR
5. LEIBNITZ’S
It was realised by scientist tat Pascal’s toothed wheels could
also perform multiplication by repeated addition of number.
Baron Von Leibnitz , the German philosopher and
mathematician worked on Pascal machine in 1671 but did
not complete his first calculating machine until 1694. It can
multiply, divide, add and subtract.

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6. Jacquard Loom
First fully automated
and programmable
Loom
Used punch cards to
“program” the
pattern to be woven
into cloth

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7. BABBAGE’S DIFFERENCE ENGINE/
ANALYTICAL ENGINE
Charles Babbage designed the difference engine
in 1822 and produced the first reliable life tables
that were in used to solved polynomial equations
using numerical method called “the method of
difference”.
In 1834, he had an idea for a completely different
machine. The Analytical Engine was a proposed
mechanical general-purpose computer he
designed. It incorporated an arithmetic logic unit,
control flow and integrated memory, making it the
first design for a general-purpose computer.
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Charles Babbage 1791-1871
English mathematician,
engineer, philosopher and
inventor.
Originated the concept of
the programmable
computer, and designed
one.

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 1822: – Difference Engine
Topic

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 1837: – Analytical Engine
Topic

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8. Herman Hollerith
He was an American inventor who developed
an electromechanical punched card tabulator
to assist in summarizing information and,
later accounting.

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9. Burroughs’s machine
William Burroughs built his first experimental
model of an adding machine with printing
1884. The features are the high sloping
keyboard, the beveled glass front, and the
printing mechanism out of sight at the rear
of the machine. The machine performs
addition only, with no provision for
subtraction.

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Assignment
1. List five (5) 19th century computing
devices.
2. State two (2) common features of Slide
rule and Napier's bone.

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Week 8
Computing devices 2
(20th century till date)

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Alan Turing 1912-1954
British mathematician Father of
theoretical computer science.
Contributions include:
Turing Machine
–A Turing machine is a
hypothetical device that
manipulates symbols on a strip of
tape according to a table of rules.

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1936 – Konrad Zuse – Z1 Computer
• First freely programmable computer, electro-mechanical punch
tape control.
• binary electrically driven mechanical calculator with limited
programmability, reading instructions from a punched tape. The Z1
never worked well, though, due to the lack of sufficiently precise
parts. The Z1 and its original blueprints were destroyed during
World War II.

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1944 – Howard Aiken & Grace Hopper –
Harvard Mark I Computer
• The IBM Automatic Sequence Controlled
Calculator (ASCC) Computer was created by IBM
for Harvard University, which called it the Mark
I. First universal calculator.

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1943/1944 – Colossus Mark I & II
• The Colossus Mark I & II are widely acknowledged as the first
programmable electric computers, and were used at Bletchley
Park to decode German codes encrypted by the Lorenz
SZ40/42.

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1946 –ENIAC 1 Computer
• ENIAC -Electronic
Numerical Integrator
And Computer. It was
the first general purpose
(programmable to solve
any problem) electric
computer. It contained
over 17,000 vacuum
tubes, weighed 27 tones
and drew 150 kW of
power to operate.
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1947 –The transistor
• Invented by William
Shockley (seated) John
Bardeen & Walter Brattain
at Bell Labs.

The transistor replaces

bulky vacuum tubes with a
smaller, more reliable, and
power saving solid sate
circuit.

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EDSAC- Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator
Topic :
• The second of the contenders for the first stored
program computer is the EDSAC, built at
Cambridge. It, like the Manchester machine, had
a stored program, but it was finished slightly
later. It was, however, a computer in the true
sense of the word as it could handle meaningful
tasks. The LEO computers produced for
businesses by Lyons were all re-engineered
versions of the EDSAC.

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1951 –Topic : (UNIVersal Automatic Computer)
UNIVAC
25 feet by 50 feet in size
5,600 tubes,
18,000 crystal diodes
300 relays
Internal storage capacity of 1,008 fifteen bit words was
achieved using 126 mercury delay lines. First
commercial computer - Between 1951 and 1958, 47
UNIVAC I computers were delivered.
UNIVAC mercury delay units containing 18 delay lines,
each of which stored 120 bits. Total of 2,160 bits, or
144 fifteen bit words per memory unit.
UNIVAC tube board and individual vacuum tube.

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1952 EDVAC - (Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer)
Topic :
• The ENIAC was not the only machine built at the Moore School of
engineering. Its successor, the EDVAC, was finished in 1952,
without the help of any of the three principals on the ENIAC
project: Mauchly, Eckert or John Neumann (the mathematician
who was involved in the later stages of the ENIAC development).
The EDVAC used mercury delay lines, and had two processing
units for accuracy.
• The EDVAC was a binary serial computer with automatic
addition, subtraction, multiplication, programmed division and
automatic checking with an ultrasonic serial memory capacity of
1,000 44-bit words (later set to 1,024 words, thus giving a
memory, in modern terms, of 5.5 kilobytes).

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1953 – IBM 701 EDPM Computer

• IBM enters the market

with its first large scale
electronic computer.

• It was designed to be
incomparable with
IBM's existing punch
card processing
system, so that it
would not cut into
IBM's existing profit
sources.
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1958 – Integrated Circuit
• Jack Kilby at Texas Instruments
& Robert Noyce at Fairchild
semiconductor independently
invent the first integrated
circuits or “the chip”.

• Jack Kilby was awarded the

National Medal of Science and
was inducted into the National
Inventors Hall of Fame, and
received the 2000 Nobel Prize
in Physics for his work on the
integrated circuit.
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1960 – First commercial transistorized
computers
• DEC introduced the
PDP-1and IBM released
the 7090 which was the
fastest in the world.

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1964 – The mouse and window concept
• Douglas Engelbart
demonstrates the
worlds first “mouse”,
nicknamed after the
“tail”. SRI (Stanford
Research
Institute) received
a patent on the
mouse in 1970,
and licensed it to
apple for $40,000.
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1971 – Intel 4004 Microprocessor
• Worlds first
microprocessor with
2,300 transistors, had
the same processing
power as the 3,000
cubic-foot ENIAC.

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1974/1975 – Personal Computers
• Scelbi Mark-8 Altair and
IBM 5100 computers
are first marketed to
individuals (as opposed
to corporations). They
are followed by the
Apple I,II, TRS-80, and
Commodore Pet
computers by 1977.

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1973-1976 – Ethernet
• Robert Metcalfe at
Xerox invents Ethernet
so that multiple
computers can talk to a
new laser printer.
Originally, Ethernet
used a large coaxial
cable and ran at
3Mbit/sec.

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1978/1979 – First individual productivity
software
• VisiCalc Spreadsheet
software and
WordStar word
processor are the
“killer applications”
for personal
computers,
especially for small
business owners.

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1981 – IBM PC
• The IBM PC is introduced
running the Microsoft Disk
Operating System (MS-DOS)
along with CP/M-86. The
IBM PC's open architecture
made it the de-facto
standard platform, and it
was eventually replaced by
inexpensive clones.

• CPU: Intel 8088 @ 4.77

MHz
• RAM: 16 kB ~ 640 kB
• Price: $5,000 - $20,000
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1984 – Apple Macintosh
• Apple introduces the
first successful
consumer computer
with a WIMP user
interface (Windows
Icons Mouse & Pointer),
modelled after the
unsuccessful Xerox Alto
computer.
• Motorola 68000 @8Mhz
• 128KB Ram
US$1,995
• Aug 20 2007
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1989 – The Difference Engine (#2) is built
• Using Charles
Babbage's original
plans and 19th
century
manufacturing
tolerances, the
London History
Museum built two
functioning replicas
of the Difference
Engine.

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