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Presentation Topic: Pharyngitis (AHN 2)

Presented To: Mam Shumaila

Presented By: Maham Abbad
Khadija
Waseem Akhtar
Nazir Ahmad
Discipline: BSN II Prof. 2
Objectives
After attending this session students will be able to:
 Describe Anatomy and Physiology of Pharynx.
 Explain definition of pharyngitis and its classification.
 Explain causes of pharyngitis.
 Demonstrate pathophysiology of pharyngitis.
 Describe clinical manifestation of pharyngitis.
 Describe nursing diagnosis of pharyngitis.
 Explain medical management of pharyngitis.

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Anatomy and Physiology
Pharynx:
The membrane lined cavity behind the nose and
mouth, connecting them to the oesophagus
Anatomical regions:
 Nasopharynx (behind the nose)
 Oropharynx (behind the oral cavity)
 Laryngopharynx (behind the larynx)

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Cont…..

Functions:
 Passageway for air and food
 Resonating chamber for speech sounds
 Houses the tonsils (participating in immune
response)
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Pharyngitis (sore throat)
It is the acute inflammation of pharynx. A sore throat
is normally a symptom of bacterial or viral infection,
such as the common cold.
Duration
Viral pharyngitis: often goes away in 5 to 7 days.
Bacterial pharyngitis: you will feel better after
you have taken antibiotics for 2 to 3 days

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Types of pharyngitis
Acute pharyngitis
Chronic pharyngitis
Acute pharyngitis: an infection caused by viruses or
bacteria and there may be a painful enlargement of neck
nodes.
Causes
Bacteria: e.g. cyanobacteria, diphtheria streptococcus.
Virus: e.g. herpes simplex, adenovirus , influenza, and
cytomegalovirus.
Fungus: e.g. candida albicans

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Clinical Manifestation
Fever
Malaise
Sore throat(pain difficulty in swallowing)
Red pharyngeal membrane and tonsils
Enlargement and tender cervical lymph nodes
cough and rhinitis

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Pathophysiology
Caused by

Invasion of causative organisms into the pharynx land

mucosa

Antigen antibody reaction occurs

Histamine, prostaglandin release

Inflammation of pharynx occur

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Diagnostic Evaluations
Physical examination
CBC
History collection
Elisa
Throat culture
Nasal swab

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Complication
Acute rheumatic fever
Sinusitis
Cellulitis

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Chronic Pharyngitis
Chronic pharyngitis is a persistent inflammation of
the pharynx. It is common in adults who work in
dusty surrounding , use their voice to access, suffer
from chronic cough, habitually use alcohol and
tobacco.

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Types of C.P.
Hypertropic pharyngitis:
Characterised by general thickening and
congestion of the pharyngeal membrane
Atropic pharyngitis
Probably a late stage of the first type( membrane
is thin, whitish, glistening and wrinkled
Chronic grandular pharyngitis:
Characterised by numerous swollen lymph
follicles on the pharyngeal wall

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Clinical Manifestations
Constant sense of irritation
Fullness of throat (can be expelled by couching)
Difficulty in swallowing

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Medical Management
Acute pharyngitis
Antibiotic: e.g. arithromycin
Anti inflammatory: e.g. betamethasone's, prednisolone
Anti histamine: e.g. levocetrizine
Antitussive: e.g. codeine, dexamethorphan
Nasal decongestants: e.g. xylometazoline (nasal drop)
Chronic pharyngitis
Short term use of nasal spray or medications
For adults tonsillectomy can be an effective option

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Nursing Management
For Acute pharyngitis
Gargling with warm saline water (provided relieve
from throat discomfort)
Drink plenty of fluids
Avoid content with others until fever subsides
Avoid exposure to irritants
Teaching patient self care

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Cont…
For chronic pharyngitis
Nurse recommends avoidance of alcohol, tobacco and
exposure to cold, environmental or occupational
pollutants
Gargling with warm saline water (provided relieve
from throat discomfort)
Drink plenty of fluids
Lozenges keep the throat warm

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Nursing Diagnosis
Ineffective breathing pattern related to oral
pharyngeal oedema
Pain related to oedema and infection
Increase body temperature related to infection
Fluid deficit related to swallowing or oedema
Sleep pattern disturbs related to pain in throat

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Reference
Janice L.Hinkle & Kerry H.Cheever
Text Book Medical surical Nursin (Brunner &
Sunddarth’s)

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