Prepared by:

Jamaica Osorios
Giovanni Hagos

Philippine
Eliaquim Quintana
Vhenz Grajo

Revolution
What Happened
in The Cavite
Mutiny?
 * The Cavite Mutiny

Two major
* GOMBURZA

events
happened in
1872
1872 Cavite Mutiny: Spanish
Perspective

The Spanish version of the Cavite Mutiny of 1872 was written by the Spanish historian, Jose Montero Y
Vidal, in his book entitled Historia General de Filipinas . Normally a good historian, and was so woefully
biased that Dr. T. H. Pardo de Tavera commented that he,

● In narrating the Cavite episode, does not speak as a historian;

● he speaks as a Spaniard bent on perverting the facts at his pleasure;
● He is mischievously partial.
1872 Cavite Mutiny: Spanish
Perspective

Jose Montero y Vidal, a prolific Spanish historian

documented the event and highlighted it as an
attempt of the Indios to overthrow the Spanish
government in the Philippines.
1872 Cavite Mutiny: Spanish
Perspective

Gov. Gen. Rafael Izquierdo’s was the Governor-

General of the Philippines from 1871 to 1873. He
was famous for his use of “iron fist” type of
government, contradicting the liberal government
of his predecessor. He imposed a reform which
suggested that the soldiers of the engineering and
artillery corps should pay taxes, from which they
were previously exempt and they were also
required to perform manual labor.
GOMBURZA
After the “revolution” was easily crushed when the
expected reinforcement from Manila did not come
ashore. Major instigators including Sergeant
Lamadrid were killed in the skirmish, while the
GOMBURZA were tried by a court-martial and
were sentenced to die by strangulation.
1872 Cavite Mutiny: Filipino
Perspective

In Dr. Trinidad Hermenegildo Pardo de Tavera’s

point of view, the incident was a mere mutiny by
the native Filipino soldiers and laborers of the
Cavite arsenal who turned out to be dissatisfied
with the abolition of their privileges. Indirectly,
Tavera blamed Gov. Izquierdo’s cold-blooded
policies such as the abolition of the privileges of
the workers and native army members of the
arsenal and prohibition of the founding of school
of arts and trades for Filipinos.
1872 Cavite Mutiny: Filipino
Perspective

Tavera believed that the Spanish friars and

Izquierdo used the Cavite mutiny as a powerful
lever by magnifying it as a full blown conspiracy
involving not only the native army but also
included residents of Cavite and Manila, and more
importantly the native clergy to overthrow the
Spanish government in the Philippines.
1872 Cavite Mutiny: Filipino
Perspective

Edmund Plauchut, a Frenchman residing in

Manila at the time of the revolt, gives a
dispassionate account against the Spaniards. His
account complimented Tavera’s account by
confirming that the event happened due to
Governor-General Rafael Izquierdo’s exacting of
personal taxes from the soldiers and workers. As
well as his imposition of forced labor on them
which results to the discontentment of the workers
and soldiers in Cavite fort.
To get rid of the Spanish colonial Government in the Philippines

This became the excuse for Spanish repression of the emergent Philippine
Nationalist Movement.

The mutiny was quickly

cluttered, Governor Rafael de
Izquierdo magnified the incident
and used it as an excuse to
clamp down on those Filipinos
who had been calling for
governmental reform.
On January 20 1872, the day of the mutiny,
the workers received their salaries and were
surprised and angered at the same time
because of deductions of tributes and
payments in lieu of forced labor.
What was the cause of
Mutiny?
*FIRST

The abolition of privileges enjoyed by the

workers of Cavite arsenal such as non-
payment of tributes and exemption from force
labor were the main reasons of the
“revolution” as how they called it;
Exemption from tribute

• TRIBUTO : 8 REALES ( 1 pesos ) per year

The Filipinos were compelled to pay tribute to

the colonial government as a sign of the
Filipinos’ loyalty to the king of Spain.

• CEDULA

In 1884, Tribute was nullified and replaced by

the cedula, Cedula was a certificate identifying
the taxpayer.
1820 cedula
 Exemption from forced labor

All male Filipinos from 18 to 60 years of age

were required to give their free labor, called
Polo y servicios, to the government. This labor
was for 40 days a year, reduced to 15 days in
1884.
*SECOND

Gen. Izquierdo’s rigid and strict policies that

made the Filipinos revolt;
*THIRD

The central government failed to conduct an

investigation on what truly transpired but
relied on reports of Izquierdo and the friars
and the opinion of the public;
*FOURTH

The friar’s happy days is coming to an end

when the central government in Spain decided
to deprive them of the power to intervene in
government affairs as well as in direction and
management of schools prompting them to
commit frantic moves to extend their stay and
power;
*FIFTH

Filipino clergy member actively participated

in the secularization movement in to allow
Filipino priests to take hold of the parishes in
the country making them prey to the rage of
the friars;
*SIXTH

Filipinos during the time were active

participants, and responded to what they
deemed as injustices; and
*Lastly

The execution of GOMBURZA was a mistake

on the part of the Spaniards, for the action
severed the ill-feelings of the Filipinos and the
event inspired Filipino patriots to call for
reforms and independence.
There may be different version of 1872 events,
but one thing is certain, what happened in the
cavite 1872 paved way for the momentous 1898.