A Low-Profile Dual-Band Antenna for Wireless and

Wearable Medical Applications

Presented by:
Ahmed Abdelnaser ID:181325
Ziad Ahmed ID:180463

Supervised by:
Dr.Mohamed Zaky
 Outlines
 Introduction
 Problem definition
 Objectives
 Specifications
 Proposed system
 Antenna design and results
 AMC design and results

 Cost analysis
 Timetable
 References
2
 Conclusion
 Introduction
 Wearable Antennas are essentially any antenna that is specifically
designed to function while being worn

Figure 1: Different application for wearable Antenna

3
 Introduction
The most common field for wearable antennas

 IOT wearable wireless communication

 Medical RF systems

 Military field

4
 Problem definition
Problem definition
Textile materials
Designing challenges from materials
Roger Materials

Resonant frequency shift

Design challenges from human body Low radiation efficiency

Body absorbing radiation

5
 Objectives

• Designing a flexible Dual band Antenna

• Compactness

• High radiation efficiency

• Immunity to the affect of human body

• Following the European Committee for Electronical Standardization ("CENELEC")

6
 Specifications
 2.45 GHz ISM
1- Two different frequency band:
 5.2 GHz WLAN

2- Reflection coefficient below -10 dB.

3- Total gain above 5 dbi.
4- Directional radiation pattern
5- Efficiency: Equal or higher than 90%.
6-The SAR value must be less than 2W/Kg in EU 7
8
 Antenna Design 20 mm

Substrate martial (0.1mm)

27 mm

27 mm
Feeding Structure (50 Ω)

Radiating patch dimensions

Wf
=  74 mm
g

Ground feedline
9
Antenna Design (Phase I)

Figure 2.2: Surface current of the

Figure : S11 of the antenna (phase I) antenna (phase I) at 2.96 GHz

10
 Antenna Design (Phase II)

Tri

Figure 2.3:Layout of phase Figure 2.4: S11 of Phase II of the antenna with different “tri” values
II of the antenna
11
Antenna Design (Phase II)

(a) (b)
Figure 2.5: S11 of Phase II of the antenna at “tri”=15 mm Figure 2.6: Surface current of the antenna
at (a) 2.5GHz (b) 6.34 GHz

12
 Antenna Design (Phase III)

Lc

Figure 2.5: Layout of Figure 2.6: S11 of Phase II of the antenna with different “Lc” values
phase III of the antenna

13
 Antenna Design (Simulation Results)

570 MHz 780 MHz

Figure:2.7 Final layout of the Figure 2.8:S11 of the antenna

antenna
Table1: Dimensions of the antenna
Antenna dimensions in mm
Parameter Ws Ls h. Wp Lp Lc.

Dimension 25 39 0.1 20 27 6.7

Parameter Tri Lg Lf W2 Wf g
14
Dimension 15 8 10 3 3.4 0.3
Antenna Design (Simulation Results)

(a) (b)

Figure 2.9: Surface current of the antenna at (a) 2.45 GHz (b) 5.2 GHz

15
 Antenna Design (Fabrication Results)

Figure 2.10: Fabricated antenna Figure 2.11: Comparison between the simulation and measurement results of S11 of the
antenna in free space.

16
 Antenna Design (Far field Simulation results)

Figure 2.12:The simulated 3D radiation pattern at 2.45 GHz Figure 2.13:The simulated 3D radiation pattern at 5.2 GHz

Table 2: simulated Gain and Efficiency in free space

Frequency Gain Total Efficiency
2.45 GHz 2.073 dBi 99 %
5.2 GHz 4.491 dBi 97 %
17
 Antenna Design (Far field Measurement results)

Figure 2.15: Simulated and measured radiation pattern of the antenna at 2.45 GHz

Figure 2.14: Antenna

inside a chamber room 18
Figure 2.16: Simulated and measured radiation pattern of the antenna at 5.2 GHz
Antenna Design ( Efficiency )
88%

73%

Figure 2.16: Simulated and measured efficiency

 SAR Calculations
Antenna
skin

Fat

Fig 2.17 Simulation of the antenna human body

Muscle
Table 3: Human Tissues dielectric characteristic at 2.45 & 5.2 GHz
Human Tissue Skin Fat Muscle
Frequency 2.45 GHz 5.2GHz 2.45 GHz 5.2GHz 2.45 GHz 5.2GHz
Relative Permittivity 38.0066 35.6102 5.2801 5.0104 52.7294 49.2784
Conductivity (S/m) 1.4607 3.2186 0.1045 0.2547 1.7388 4.2669
Mass Density (Kg/m3) 1090 930 1050
20
 SAR Results

Fig 2.18: SAR of the antenna at 2.45 GHz Fig 2.19: SAR of the antenna at 5.2 GHz

The SAR value was found to be around 11 W/Kg and 7.5 W/Kg average over 10g of
tissue at both frequencies, which is larger than the EU standard value (2 W/Kg).
 AMC Layout and Dimensions
The unit cell of AMC is printed on RO3003 substrate with relative permittivity=3 and loss tangent=0.001. The size
of the unit cell is 30 mm × 30 mm × 1.52 mm as shown in the figure.

Table 4:The dimensions of the unit cell.

AMC dimensions in mm

Parameter L Lp Rout Rin Lc

Dimension 30 25.2 10 9.5 5

Figure 2.20:AMC unit cell

22
Unit cell Designing Steps
1- Design a simple square patch
Steps: 2- A diamond shape is integrated into the patch
3- Making four mirrored slits “Lc” in the diamond shape.

Results Figure
Figure
Figure2.25:
2.23:
2.21:AMC
AMC
AMCunit
unit
unitcell
cell
cell(phase
(phase
(phaseIII)
II)
I)

Figure
Figure
Figure2.26:
2.24:
2.22:Reflection
Reflection
Reflectionphase
phase
phaseof
of
ofthe
the
theunit
unit
unitcell
cell
cell(phase
(phase
(phaseIII)
II)
I) 23
 AMC Unit Cell Result
the 0° phase reflection occurring at 2.45GHz and 5.2 GHz, with -90° to +90° bandwidth occurring from 2.39 GHz to 2.48 GHz
(90MHZ) and from 4.87 GHz to 5.32 GHz (450MHZ), respectively as shown in figure.

2.45 GHz 5.2 GHz

90 MHz 450 MHz

24
Figure 2.27:Reflection Phase of the AMC unit cell.
 The Current Distribution of the AMC unit cell

Figure 2.28: Current of the unit cell at 2.45 GHz Figure 2.29: Current of the unit cell at 5.2 GHz

25
 AMC with Different Array sizes

2x2 2x3 (3x3) (4x4)

Table 5: comparison between Different array sizes.
AMC Array Frequency(GH Gain(dbi)​ Total
Size​ Z)​ Efficiency(%)​
2x2​ 2.45​ 7.205 77.25%
5.2​ 10.34 98.54%
2x3​ 2.45​ 7.761 88.28%
5.2​ 8.236 77.11%
3x3​ 2.45​ 8.125 93.43%
5.2​ 9.432 98.04%
4x4​ 2.45​ 9.110 94.36%
Figure 2.30: S11 comparison of the antenna with Different array sizes. 26
5.2​ 9.204 98.17%
 AMC at Different Distances

Figure 2.33: Antenna above the AMC

with distance “D”.

Figure 2.35:Fabricated antenna above Figure 2.34: S11 of different distances “D”.
the AMC

27
 Antenna with AMC (S11 Measurement in free space )

Figure 2.36: Fabricated Antenna with AMC separated Figure 2.37: Comparison between the simulation and measurement results of S11 of
be 8 mm the antenna with AMC in free space.

28
 Antenna with AMC (S11 Measurement at Different Body Parts )

Figure 2.38: Fabricated Antenna with AMC on a Figure 2.39: Comparison between the simulation and measurement results of S11 of
human arm the antenna with AMC in free space and different body parts

29
 The integrated Design (Far field Simulation results)

Figure 2.40: The simulated 3D radiation pattern at 2.45 Figure 2.41: The simulated 3D radiation pattern at 5.2 GHz
GHz
Table 6: simulated Gain and Efficiency in free space
With/without Frequency (GHz) Gain Total Efficiency (%)
AMC array (dBi)
Proposed antenna alone 2.45 2.073 98.99%
5.2 4.491 98.01%
Integrated design 2.45 8.125 93.43%
30
5.2 9.432 98.04%
 The integrated Design (Far field Measurement results)

Figure 2.42: Simulation and measured S11 of the integrated design at 2.45.

Figure 2.42: The integrated design

inside a chamber room​.
31
Figure 2.43: Simulation and measured S11 of the integrated design at 5.2.
 SAR Calculations

Figure 2.45: SAR value of integrated design at 2.45 GHz Figure 2.46: SAR value of integrated design at 5.2 GHz

Table 7: SAR values of antenna with/without AMC.

With/without AMC Array Frequency MAX. SAR
(GHZ) (W/kg)
Antenna alone (8mm separation with 2.45 11.35
human phantom) 5.2 7.52
Integrated design (1mm separation with 2.45 0.39
human phantom) 5.2 0.074

32
 Cost Analysis
Table 5: Cost analysis

Item Cost (LE)

Roger 20 LE per
Item Cost (LE)
SMA connector Roger 30 LE 20per item
LE per
SMA connector 30 LE per item
Fabrication Fabrication 100 LE
100 LEper item
per item
S-parameters 100 LE per attempt
S-parameters Measurement
Measurement 100 LE per attempt
Far Field Measurement 800 LE per attempt
Far Field Measurement 800 LE per attempt

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Timetable
34
Time Plan

35
 References
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[15] Body tissue dielectric parameters [online]. Available: https://www.fcc.gov/general/body-tissue-dielectric-parameters.

[16] Density and mass of each organ tissue [online]. Available: http://bionumbers.hms.harvard.edu/bionumber.aspx?id=110245.
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