Relative Clauses and

Present Perfect

Discover the power of relative clauses and master the present perfect tense to
elevate your English communication.

by Rob Gama
Defining Relative Clauses
The city where we spent our vacation was beautiful.
What is the relative clause?
Where we spent our vacation" is the relative clause, describing "the city."

The book that I borrowed was fascinating.

What is the relative clause?
"that I borrowed from the library" is the relative clause, providing more information about "the book."

The restaurant where we had dinner serves delicious food

What is the relative clause?
"where we had dinner last night" is the relative clause, giving more details about "the restaurant."
Defining Relative Clauses
What are Relative Clauses?
They provide additional information about the main sentence.

Purpose
Relative clauses help make your writing more detailed and descriptive.

Structure
Pronouns like "who", "which", "that", and "whose" introduce the relative clause.

The woman who lives next door is a doctor.

The car, which is parked outside, belongs to my brother.
The movie that we watched last night was really exciting
The student whose backpack was stolen reported it to the teacher.
Relative Pronouns
"Who" "Why"
Used for people Refers to reasons

"Which"
Used for things

"That"
Can be used for both people
and things

"Whose"
Indicates possession

"Where"
Refers to places

"When"
Refers to time
Assignment :
 Workbook – Pages 18-19

Extension:
 Workbook – Pages 8-17
Relative Pronouns: Fill in the
Blanks
Relative pronouns like who, which, and whose help us provide additional information
about nouns and pronouns. Try completing the sentences below with the correct
relative pronoun:

1. The student who scored the highest on the test was awarded a prize.
2. The book which I bought yesterday was very interesting.
3. The dog whose collar is red ran away from home.
4. The employee who worked overtime was given a bonus.
5. The car which parked in the driveway is mine.
6. The person who lost their wallet should contact the lost and found.
7. The house whose roof is blue is for sale.
8. The athlete who won the race is my friend.

Remember, use who for people, which for things, and whose to indicate possession.
Usage of Relative Pronouns
Use "who" for people Use "which" for things
The student who aced the exam The car, which was red, had just
was awarded a scholarship. been washed.

Use "that" for both Use "whose" for

possession
The book that I bought yesterday
is really good. The woman whose dog ran away
was very worried.
Introduction to Present Perfect
Simple
1 Present
Connects the past to the present

2 Perfect
Indicates an action has been completed

3 Simple
The most basic present perfect tense form
Formation of Present Perfect

Have/Has
The helping verb

Past Participle
The main verb in its past form

Time Expressions
Used to indicate when the action occurred
Affirmative, Negative, and
Question Forms
Affirmative
I have finished my homework.

Negative
She has not arrived yet.

Question
Have you been to the new restaurant?
Conclusion and Key Takeaways

Relative Clauses Provide additional Use relative

details pronouns

Present Perfect Connect past to Have/Has + Past

present Participle
Present Perfect Fill-in-the-Blank Exercise
1. I have studied the new material for the exam.
2. She has not completed the project by the deadline.
3. They have already left for the vacation.
4. The company has introduced a new line of products.
5. I have not seen my friend since last week.
6. The students have just finished their presentation.