NIKO CHIA ZHI AMMER

SIEW LIM YU
QIAO REZQI
YING YU SHAUKIE
ENG DANIELL

Project Based Learning(PBL)

D E V I C E S T H AT C A N B E U S E D T O
O V E R C O M E T H E L I M I T AT I O N O F
SIGHT AND HEARING
 CONTENT
01 INTRODUCTION
02 LIMITATION OF SIGHT
2.1 OPTICAL ILLUSION
2.2 BLIND SPOT
03 LIMITATION OF HEARING
04 TECHONOLOGY TO OVERCOME THE
LIMITATION OF SIGHT
05 TECHONOLOGY TO OVERCOME THE
LIMITATION OF HEARING
INTRODUCTION
 SIGHT LIMITATION
• Limitation of sight is the limitation in the ability of
the eye to see objects.
• We can't see very tiny objects such as microorganism
• We also cannot see very distant object such as planet
Jupiter
• Limitation of sight can be overcome by using
appropriate optical device such as microscope,
telescope and others.
 HEARING LIMITATION
• Limitation of hearing occur when the sound wave
failed to reach our ears.
• The range of frequency of hearing in human from
20Hz to 20000Hz.
• Limitation of hearing can be overcome by using
appropriate hearing aids, microphone,
stethoscope and others.
｜ LIMITATION OF SIGHT ｜
 2.1
OPTICAL LIMITATION
• Sometimes what we see may not appear to be the
real things. This is because the brain cannot
interpret accurately is actually seen by the eyes.
 2.2
BLIND SPOT
• The blind spot is the point of the retina of the eye
that cannot detect any image.
｜ LIMITATION OF HEARING ｜
 03
LIMITATION OF HEARING
• Children have eardrums that are more elastic
• As people age, their hearing deteriorates. Their eardrums
become less elastic.
• Person exposed to constant loud noise experience a lots
of hearing-range of hearing is smaller than normal
people.
 ｜ T E C H O N O L O G Y TO
OVERCOME THE
L I M I TAT I O N O F S I G H T ｜
 MICROSCOPE
• To s e e o b j e c t s t h a t a r e t o o s m a l l
for naked eyes
• The first microscope invented by
Zachariass Jansson in 1611.
 PERISCOPES
• To v i e w b e y o n d a n d o b s t r u c t i n g
object.
• An intrument for observation from
a concealed position
• Consist of an outer case the
mirrors at each end set parallel to
each other at 45 degree angle.
 MAGNIFYING GLASS
• To m a k e t i n y o b j e c t s a p p e a r
larger than the original.
• Convex lens that is used to
produce a magnified image of an
object.
• Also called a hand lens in
laboratory contexts.
 TELESCOPES
• Vi e w i n g v e r y f a r o b e j c t - s t a r a n d
moon
• The first known practical
telescopes were invented in
Netherlands.
• An instrument that aids in
observation of remote objects by
collecting electromagnetic
 BINOCULARS
• To s e e t i n y d i s t a n t o b j e c t s s u c h a s
b i r d s i n t h e s k y.
• A p a i r o f i d e n t i c a l o r m i r r o r.
• Symmetrical telescopes mounted
side by side and aligned to point
accurately in the same direction
allowing the viewer to use both
eyes when viewing distant objects.
U LT R A S O U N D M A C H I N E
• To s c a n a n d s e e t h e f o e t u s i n a
p r e g n a n t m o t h e r.
• A cyclic sound pressure wave
with frequency greather than
upper limit of the human hearing
range.
 X - R AY M A C H I N E

• To s e e t h e i n t e r n a l o r g a n s .
• To i n s p e c t b a g g a g e a t t h e a i r p o r t s .
• Invented by Wilhelm Conrad
Rontgen a German physicist on 8
November 1895.
T Y P E S O F X - R AY M A C H I N E S
• CT Scanner
• Bone X-Ray Machine
• Backscatter X-Ray Machine
• Linear accelerator
• X-Ray Fluorescence(XRF)
 ｜ THE TECHNOLOGY
DEVICES USED TO
OVERCOME THE
LIMITATION OF HEARING
｜
 MICROPHONE
• Microphone is an acoustic-to-
electric transducer that converts
sound waves into an electrical
signal.
• Microphones are used in many
applications such as
telephones,tape recorder,karaoke
s y s t e m s , h e a r i n g a i d s a n d o t h e r.
 STETHOSCOPE
• Allows medical professionals to
listen to sounds produced by the
lungs,heart and intestines.Any
abnormal function within these
systems in the body can be
immediately spotted with proper
use of a stethoscope.
INVENTED IN FRENCH BY
RENE LAENNEC
• A stethoscope that intensifies
auscultatory sounds is called
phonendoscope.
 MEGAPHONE
• Boost weak sound (the function of
megaphone as same as microphone)
• Invented by Samuel Morland and
Athanasius Kircher in 1665.
• The term ‘megaphone’was first
a s s o c i a t e d w i t h T h o m a s E d i s o n ’s
i n t r u m e n t 2 0 0 y e a r s l a t e r.
 EARPHONE
• Collects and amplifies sounds
before sending them to the middle
e a r.
• Invented by Nathaniel Bladwin in
1937.
• They are sometimes known as ear
s p e a k e r.
• The in-ear versions are also known
P U B L I C A D R E S S S Y S T E M ( PA
SYSTEM)
• Amplifies electrical signal coming
from the microphone so that they
c a n b e h e a r d f r o m f a r a w a y.
• Invented by Edwin Jensen and
Peter Pridham.
 CONCLUSION
The limitation of sight and
hearing can be overcome by
uisng certain device.
 THANK YOU
FOR
Y O U R WAT C H I N G