Database Analysis

Chapter 2: Modeling Data in the

Organization
 Enterprise Database Modeling

A enterprise data model identifies the highest-level

relationships between the different entities.
 Entity-Relationship (ER) Model
• Entity-Relationship (ER) Model is based on the notion of real-world
entities and relationships among them.
• ER Model creates entity set, relationship set, general attributes, and
constraints.
• Entities:Any real-world thing about which an enterprise records data.
• Entity Type–collection of entities.
• Entity instance–person, place, object, event, concept
• Relationship -An association between two or more entities,
• Relationship is modeled as lines between entity types
• Relationship instance–link between entities.
• Associative Entity–combination of relationship and entity.
• Attributes –property or characteristic of an entity or relationship type
A composite attribute
Entity with a multivalued attribute (Skill) and
derived attribute (Years_Employed)

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An attribute that is both multivalued and composite

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Degree of Relationships: is the number of entity
types .Or No. of entities participating in
relationship.
Degree of Relationships are
– Unary Relationship:One entity related to
another of the same entity type
– Binary Relationship:Entities of two different
types related to each other
– Ternary Relationship:Entities of three different
types related to each other
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 Relationships (cont.)

a) Unary relationships

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Binary relationships

SHIP
SUPPLIER PART

WORK FOR
EMPLOYEE COMPANY

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c) Ternary relationship

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Cardinality of Relationships
One-to-One (1:1):Each entity in the relationship will have exactly one related
entity

One-to-Many (1:N) OR Many to one (M:1): An entity on one side of the

relationship can have many related entities, but an entity on the other
side will have a maximum of one related entity.

Many -to-Many (M:M OR N:M): Entities on both sides of the relationship can
have many related entities on the other side
a) Mandatory cardinalities

b) One optional, one mandatory

c) Optional cardinalities

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Cardinalities

Mandatory one

Mandatory many

Optional one

Optional many
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Difference between Strong vs. Weak
Entities

Strong entity Weak entity

1) exist independently 1. cannot exist on its own

2.has its own unique identifier 2.does not have a unique
identifier

3.represented with single-line 3. represented with double

rectangle line diamond

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Strong vs. Weak Entities (cont.)

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