BMBF - Joint Project

„Water Resources Management of an

Underground River in a Karst Area”
(Pengelolaan Sumber Air Pada
Sungai Bawah Tanah Di Daerah Karst)
in Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta Special Province, Indonesia
Study Area
Hydrogeologic characteristics of karst-aquifer

aus: Sir M MacDonald & Partner, „Groundwater Resources Study“, 1984

Cave entrances / Main flow directions

aus: Sir M MacDonald & Partner, „Groundwater Resources Study“, 1984

6 Field Investigations (9/2000; 3-9/2001; 3-7/2002; 3/2003)

Seropan
152
177
140

96 Grubug Ngreneng

95 125/140

25

165 148 Jurangjero

170/186
132
Bribin 250/235
Water resources management
Storage & micro hydro power (schematically)
Structural Design – Geometry of Barrage

Reinforced Concrete Slab

Multiangular Barrage

Double-Vaulted Barrage

© 2003 IfMB
 Hydro
Barrage
power
system Gear Box Penstock

Hydraulic
coupling

Pump
Turbine unit unit
(PAT)
Stilling Basin
Generator unit

Draft Tube Flood discharge

line

UNIT Turbine Pump Generator

Head Discharge Mech. Power Head Discharge Mech. Power Elec. Power
(m) (m3/s) output (kW) (m) (l/s) input (kW) Output (kW)
Unit I 15 1 125 250 35 120 106
Unit II 15 1 125 250 35 120 106
Unit III 15 1,5 185 250 55 180 160
Unit IV 15 0,5 63 250 18 60 54
Total mech.output Power 498 kW Total Electrical Output Power 426 kW
→ water supply during dry season (Q = 2 m³/s) : 80 l pcd (75.000 people)
Possible Construction Process

© 2003 IfMB
 Exploratory drilling of PPAB

Access Road

Drilling
12 / 2002

Verification
03 / 2003
Joint project  2+2 Project

Science Industry Science Industry

• Universität KA • Herrenknecht AG • Gadjah Mada Uni • Construction

• Universität Gießen • NN • Sebelas Maret Uni companies
• Bandung Institut of

Technology
• Pancasila Uni

Technological Developments + Transfer of Science & Education

„Laboratory“-Cave &
Capacity-Building
Financial sponsor: Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) (12/2002 – 12/2005)
Project agency: Research Centre, Karlsruhe (project agency for water technology and waste
management)

Coordination of the project: Institute for Water Resources Management, Hydraulic and Rural Engineering
(IWK), University of Karlsruhe
Subprojects, University of Karlsruhe
SP1 „Water and energy resources management of underground river“
Institute of Water Resources Management, Hydraulic and Rural Engineering (IWK)
SP2 „Water/rock interaction of the karst media of Wonosari:
chemical alteration, water penetration of the rocks and improvement of the water quality“
Institute of Mineralogy and Geochemistry (IMG)
SP3 „Detail measurement and three-dimensional modeling of an underground river system“
Geodetic Institute (GIK)
SP4 „Construction and building of durable underground barrage with consideration of locally available
materials and technologies“
Institute of Reinforced Concrete Structures and Building Materials (IfMB)
SP5 „Pressure pipeline systems from wood“:
Research Centre for Steel, Timber and Masonry (VA-SHS)

Subproject, University of Giessen

SP6 „Socio-economic analysis of the potential water supply“ Institute of Geography (IfG)

Subprojects of industrial partners

SP7 „vertical drilling machines for karst“ Herrenknecht AG, Schwanau
SP8 “appropriate turbine technologies” NN
Field Investigation University of Karlsruhe (July 2002)
Indonesian Cooperation Partners

Government Yogyakarta Special Province

(Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono X)

Governmental Institutions National Nuclear Energy Agency (BATAN)

Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI)
Centre of Technical Education Development

Ministries National Department of Education (Depdiknas)

Ministry of Research and Education

Department of Public Work

Public Universities And Gadjah Mada University (UGM) Yogyakarta

Research Institutions Sebelas Maret University (UNS) Surakarta

Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB)

Private Universities Pancasila University, Jakarta

Indonesian Islamic University, Yogyakarta

NGO Acintyacunyata Speleological Club, Yogyakarta

Universität Gießen - Institut für Geografie
Firma Herrenknecht AG, Schwanau
 Institute for mineralogy and geochemistry (IMG)

Prof. Dr. Doris Stüben, PD Dr. Thomas Neumann

Analytics

Urban Geochemistry
Research activities
Applied
Geochemistry &
Mineralogy

Petrology & Ore

Deposit Sediment
Geochemistry
Water/rock interaction processes

• Estimation of possible water loss from reservoir

after damming

• Determination of water quality and identification of

sources and flow paths of karst waters

Biogenic Calcite • Geophysical investigations

• First steps in development of appropriate

technologies to improve water quality of karst
water for drinking purposes

• Planning exploration strategies for utilization of

further karst caves as water reservoirs

• Briefing of Indonesian partners

Recrystallized Calcite
 Geodetic Institute (GIK)

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Günter Schmitt Dipl.-Ing. Martin Vetter

Dipl.-Ing. Stephan KupfererDipl.-Ing. Jan Zimmermann

Forward- & Backward Measurement Cave Entrance

• polygon adjustment
Directions  < 0,02 Gon
• drilling site estimation
Distances  < 0,002 Meter
f a ce
Levelling  < 0,008 Meter S ur • drilling accuracy prediction

Cave

Cav
e e
rf ac
S u

• Measuring survey in cooperation with

PPAB & ASC
Three-dimensional Modeling

• Demonstration cave in
„Schlossberghöhlen
Homburg“ (Germany)

• 3D-animation &
navigation
 Institute of Concrete Structures and Building Materials (IfMB)

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Harald S. Müller

Dipl.-Ing. Martin Fenchel
Dipl.-Ing. Edgar Bohner, MSc

Chemical Laboratory

Mechanical Laboratory Physical Laboratory

Underground Barrages: Conditions and Requirements

difficult
high temperature
limited space accessibility

design & construction service condition quality of

rock
• use of local building • simple and low-cost
materials maintenance/restoration
• construction by local • easy accessibility of
contractors structural elements
• construction site logistics • construction monitoring
and time schedule and safety control
• quality control
rainy season
permanent water flow dry season
high humidity
erosion, abrasion
Cave Exploration

• Visual inspection

• Qualitiative analysis of rock

surface integrity

• Check concerning cavities

• Extraction of drilling cores

for laboratory analyses

• Predefinition of barrage
location
Choice of Appropriate Building Materials

Impermeability, Leakage Prevention

• Slow setting of concrete
• Low thermal load due to hydration (cement type & content)
• Low shrinkage (e.g. use of local ashes)

Placing of concrete
• Adjusted grading curve
• Appropriate additives & admixtures

Sealing of joints and rock

• Adjusted grading curve for shotcrete
• Admixture for hardening acceleration
• Low shrinkage to minimize cracking
 Research Centre for Steel, Timber and Masonry (VA-SHS)

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hans Joachim Blass

Dr.-Ing. Rainer Görlacher
Dipl.-Ing. Peter Fellmoser
Water resources management
Wood Stave Pipe (schematically)
Wood stave pipes VA-SHS

• Selection of 3 to 5 suitable local wood species

• Determination of mechanical and physical

properties at fibre saturation: strength values,
density, drying and swelling behaviour

• Construction of wood stave pipes: Static behaviour,

solutions for curvatures, connecting elements,
bearings

• Building and testing of prototypes

• Result: implementation and use of local knowledge,

use of locally available wood species
 Institute of Water Resources Management,
Hydraulic and Rural Engineering (IWK)

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Franz Nestmann Dipl.-Ing. Peter Oberle

Werner Helm (Head of Workshop) Dipl.-Ing. Jens Kappler
M.Sc. Solichin

Numerical Flood Simulation

Appropriate water and energy resources management

• Coordination of the joint project

• Development of appropriate turbine technologies (pumps

as turbines)

• Design and optimisation of underground water power

system and water supply system

• Installation of monitoring system for hydrological,

hydraulic and hydrogeologic parameters

• Compilation of training courses and manuals in the field

of “sustainable water resources management” & “energy
and natural resources” (capacity building)
Pumps as turbines

Pressure pipes

Flow meter

Pump as Turbine Electronic circuitry

Open loop test-rig with a max. deliverable head of 16 m.

The Investigated Pumps

35 rpm 25 rpm 33 rpm 47 rpm

• 2 of the pumps were German and 6 were Indian.

• The experimental research is currently in the final

stages.

• So far the results have been very positive and

encouraging.
Results of preliminary study
Results of preliminary study
 Institute for geography (IfG)

Prof. Dr. Ulrich Scholz

Bernd Unger (M.A.)
Tobias Lux (B.A.)

Counterpart in Indonesia - UGM

Prof. Dr. Sudarmadji (Dean, Faculty of Geography)

Ms. Alia Fujarwati (B.A.)
Mr. Aziz Kurniawan (B.A.)
Key questions

• How does the water supply function at

present?

• How does the local population judge the

present water supply?

• What will be the benefits of an improved

water supply?
• To what extent will it contribute to the
reduction of
labor input ?
costs for drinking
water ?
diseases ?
• Effect on overall regional development?
 HERRENKNECHT

Dr.-Ing. h.c. Martin Herrenknecht

Dipl.-Ing. Uwe Breig
Dipl.-Ing. Lutz Meyer
Development of Vertical Shaft Boring Machine

Typ 1 Typ 2

HERRENKNECHT
Milestones
“ We do Small Things in a Big Way instead of Big Things”