OVERVIEW

OF TV HIGH POWER
TRANSMITTER (HPT)
 INTRODUCTION

 In TV Broadcasting Transmitter is meant to send

the audio & video signals simultaneously to the
viewers using radio frequency.

 The two signals (Video and Audio) modulates the

RF Carrier Waves as per establish Standards
and Techniques.

 The Modulated RF Carriers are combined for

transmission on the same Feeder cables and
antenna
 Classification of Transmitters
Transmitter is classified according to following
Various characteristics.
(1) According to Output Power : -
VLPT, LPT, HPT etc.
(2) On Basis of Operation of Frequency Band : -
VHF (BAND - I & III), UHF (BAND- IV &V)
(3) On the type of Modulation used : -
AM Transmitter, FM Transmitter, Digital Tx (DTT)
(4) On the basis of application : -
Radio Tx (MW, SW), TV Tx, Microwave Tx, Wireless
Tx etc.
 (A) HIGH POWER TRANSMITTERS (HPT)

DOORDARSHAN TV TRANSMITTER TYPES

TV TRANSMITTERS HAVING OUTPUT POWER 1KW & ABOVE
( 01KW , 10KW , 20KW )

(B) LOW POWER TRANSMITTERS (LPT)

TV TRANSMITTERS HAVING OUTPUT POWER LESS

THAN 1KW AND MORE THAN 50W .
( 100W , 300W , 500W )

(C) VERY LOW POWER TRANSMITTERS (VLPT)

TV TRANSMITTERS HAVING OUTPUT POWER 10W & 50W.

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TV Transmission Takes Place in
VHF Bands I and III and
UHF Bands IV & V
FREQUENCY SPECTRUM

LF 30 - 300 KHz

MF 300 - 3000 kHz
HF 03 - 30 MHz
VHF 30 – 300 MHz
UHF 300 – 3000 MHz
SHF 03 – 30 GHz
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VHF : 30 - 300 MHz

Band I (40-68 MHz) TV Channel ≠ 4

Channel Spacing - 7 MHz

Band II (88-108 MHz) FM Sound Broadcasting

Channel Spacing - 100 KHz

Band III (174-230 MHz) CH ≠ 5 – CH ≠ 12

Channel Spacing – 7 MHz

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UHF : 300 – 3000 MHz

Band IV (470 – 606 MHz) CH ≠ 21 – CH ≠ 37

Channel Spacing - 8 MHz

Band V (606 – 798 MHz) CH ≠ 38 – CH ≠ 61

Channel Spacing - 8 MHz

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SHF (3 – 30 GHz)

C – Band 3.7 - 4.2 GHz (DL)

5.9 - 6.4 (UL)

Ex. C – Band 4.5 - 4.85 GHz (DL)

6.7 - 7.02 (UL)

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 TV TRANSMITTER CHAIN
LNBC
TV ANTENNA

PDA RF CABLE

DC
Audio
IRD EXCITER PA CH.FILTER
Video
RF Cable
OR
TVRO
(SATELLITE RECEIVER)

07/03/24
Block Diagram of 1KW HARRIS Transmitter
 EXCITER STAGE OF TRANSMITTER
 It is the most important stage where the Video &
Audio signals modulate the carriers at IF after some
necessary pre-correction & pre-distortions. The
modulated IF is then Up Converted to desired VHF/
UHF Channel frequency.

 In High Power transmitter, the vision and aural

modulated IF carriers are kept independent for
further amplification to a required output level.

 Where as in LPTs the vision and aural modulated

IF carriers are combined at the exciter stage.
EXCITER STAGE OF TRANSMITTER

The circuit design of exciter stage varies according to

the design of subsequent stages and final output
power level.

Exciter units consist of many

interconnected modules and boards for ease of
operation and maintenance.
EXCITER OF NEC 10 KW TRANSMITTER:
Main Units of Exciter Module
1. AD/DA UNIT
2. DVC ( Digital video correction) UNIT
3. VISION MODULATOR
4. IF CORRECTOR:
5. VHF MIXER UNIT:
6. AURAL MODULATOR
7. IM CORRECTOR UNIT
8. SYNTHESIZER UNIT:
9. EXCITER POWER SUPPLIES:
Main Units of Exciter Module
Contd……
1. AD/DA UNIT
The AD-DA unit has a function that converts
the video output signal supplied to exciter
into PCM signal, and sends the PCM signal
to a unit for digital correction. This unit
converts the video PCM signal, after the
digital correction, into analog video signal.
Then, this unit supplies the analog video
signal to a visual modulator unit.
Vision Modulator:--
*Visual modulator unit is intended to convert a base
band video signal into modulated IF signal, with the
ring modulator in which the IF carrier is also phase
modulated by a processed video signal in order to
pre-correct the incidental carrier phase modulation
(ICPM).

*The ring modulator is followed by a pin diode

switching circuitry via the harmonic filter.

*When the signal passes through vestigial sideband

filter (VSBF) which uses a surface acousticwave
(SAW) filter to achieve the Nyquist shaping.