SHER-E-Kashmir Institute of

Medical Sciences and Hospital,

Bemina, SrInagar

Dietary Modifications in
Patients with Diabetes and
Coronary Artery Disease

Presentation by Mohit
Roll no. - 2584
 Diabetes Mellitus
What is Diabetes Common Types of
1 Mellitus? 2 Symptoms 3 Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus Feeling very Insulin-

is a metabolic thirsty and dependent
disorder
tired, high diabetes mellitus
characterised by (IDDM) and Non-
level of
hyperglycemia insulin-
that lead to some glucose in
urine, constant dependent
several long term
hunger. diabetes mellitus
complications.
(NIDDM).
 Types of Diabetes Mellitus
Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM)

• IDDM, also known as type I diabetes or juvenile

onset diabetes
• This disease is characterized by almost total
deficiency of insulin due to destruction of beta-cells
of pancreas
• The beta-cell destruction may be caused by drugs,
viruses or autoimmunity
• The pancreas ultimately fails to secrete insulin
 Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM)

• NIDDM, also known as type II diabetes or adult onset

diabetes
• This is characterized by decreased response of target
cells to insulin, caused by reduction in glucose
transporter 4 (GLUT-4)
• Obesity acts as a diabetogenic factor and leads to a
decrease in insulin receptors on target cells
• Patient may have either normal or even increased
insulin levels.
Management of Diabetes
Diet Oral Hypoglycemic Drugs
1 Approximately 50% of
2 20-30% of patients need
new diabetes cases can oral hypoglycemic drugs.
be adequately
controlled by diet
alone.

Insulin
3 The remaining 20-30%
of patients require
insulin.
Dietary Modifications for Diabetes
Low Calorie, High Protein, High Fiber
Diabetic patients should
consume a low-calorie diet
that is high in protein and fiber.
Reduced Fat Intake
Fat intake should be
drastically reduced to meet
the nutritional
requirements of
unsaturated fatty acids.
Complex Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates should be taken
in the form of starches and
complex sugars, while refined
sugars should be avoided.
Exercise for Obese Patients
Diet control and exercise
will help obese NIDDM
patients to a large extent.
Understanding Coronary Artery
Disease (CAD)
1 What is CAD?
Coronary artery disease
(CAD) is a narrowing or
blockage of coronary
arteries, which supply
oxygen-rich blood to the
heart.
2 Causes of CAD
Deposition of cholesterol,
diabetes or insulin
resistance, high blood
pressure, smoking or
tobacco use.

3 Symptoms of CAD

Chest pain (angina),

shortness of breath, fatigue,
heart attack.
 Symptoms and Causes of CAD
Symptoms Causes
• Chest Pain (Angina) • Deposition of Cholesterol
• Shortness of Breath • Diabetes or Insulin Resistance
• Fatigue • High Blood Pressure
• Heart Attack • Smoking or Tobacco Use
Dietary Modifications for CAD
Low-Fat, High-Fiber Diet
A low-fat, high-fiber diet is
recommended, including plenty of
fresh fruits, vegetables, and whole
grains.
Unsaturated Fats
The diet should still include
unsaturated fats, like those found in
avocados, olive oil, and vegetable
oils, as saturated fats will increase
levels of bad cholesterol in the
blood.
Limit Salt Intake
Patients should limit salt intake to
no more than 6g per day, as too
much salt can increase blood
pressure.
Limit Sugar Intake
Patients should also try to avoid
too much sugar in their diet, as
this can increase the chances of
developing diabetes.
 Conclusion
Identify Strengths Set Goals Utilize Resources

Dietary modifications By following these With the right

are crucial for dietary guidelines, dietary approach
managing both patients can and lifestyle
diabetes and better control changes, patients
coronary artery their blood sugar with diabetes and
disease. A balanced, levels, cholesterol, CAD can effectively
low-calorie, high- and blood manage their
fiber diet with limited pressure, reducing conditions and
salt and sugar can the risk of long- improve their
help improve patient term overall health and
outcomes. complications. well-being.
THANK
YOU