GPS-IN MOBILE

NETWORKS
 CONTENTS
 INTRODUCTION TO GPS
 OVERVIEW OF GPS.
 HOW MOBILE PHONE
SYSTEM WORKS.
 HOW LBS WORKS.
 PROBLEMS WITH MOBILE
POSITIONING.
 INTRODUCTION TO GPS

 GPS stands for Global Positioning System. It is a constellation of

24 well-spaced satellites that orbit the earth and make it possible for
people with ground receivers to pinpoint their geographic location. the
location accuracy is anywhere from 1 to 100 Mt/Km/Mile depending on
the type of equipment used.
 GPS is an only geostationary satellite based positioning system.
GPS is founded by and controlled by the U. S. Department of Defense
(DOD). While there are many thousands of civil users of GPS
worldwide, the system was designed for and is operated by the U. S.
military.
 GPS receivers enable users to geographically locate
their position anywhere on the surface of the earth
through the assistance of GPS satellite. Over the past
decade, global positioning system (GPS) technology has
evolved from a sophisticated and expensive geographic
positioning system .
 GPS is based on 24 satellites and 5 monitoring stations
around the world that enable the satellites to broadcast a signal
that can be used as a reference in determining the position of
user.

 Global Positioning System is the only system today able to

show you your exact position on the Earth anywhere, in any
weather, anytime. GPS satellites, 24 in all, orbit at 11,000
nautical miles above the Earth. Ground stations located
worldwide continuously monitor them. The satellites transmit
signals that can be detected by anyone with a GPS receiver.
Using the receiver, you can determine your location with great
precision .
 OVERVIEW OF GPS
There are currently two public GPS systems.

-The NAVSTAR system

-The GLONASS system

The NAVSTAR system is owned by the United States

and is managed by the Department of Defense.
 The GLONASS system is owned by the Russian
Federation.
  GPS consist of three parts.

-The space segment

-The user segment

-The control segment

 The space segment  It consists of satellites.Each one

moves in its own orbit. These space vehicles (SVs) send radio
signals from space.
 The user segment  It consists of receivers, which you
can hold in your hand or place it anywhere else. It consists of
the GPS receivers and the usercommunity GPS receivers
convert SV signals into position, velocity, and time estimates.
  Four satellites are required to compute the four
dimensions of X, Y, Z (position) and Time. GPS receivers
are used for navigation, positioning, time dissemination, and
other research.

 The control segment  It consists of ground stations

(five of them, located around the world) that make sure the
satellites are working properly.
 HOW MOBILE PHONE
SYSTEM WORKS.
MPC AUC

11111
11111 MSC HLR
11111
11111 BSC
11111
BTS EIR VLR
SIM
Switching
Mobile station Base station Subsystem
with SIM-card subsystem

OMC
 MOBILE PHONE POSITIONING
Mobile telephone systems keep track of the
users.
The system always knows where you are.
Automatic when the phone activates
Information from the mobile operator is sent
to a security center.
 Privacy, personal integrity aspects
Several different technologies.
 Depends on the mobile system.
Time of Arrival
Time Difference of Arrival
 Cell ID

1  All cells
1 have an ID
6 which is
centrally
2
assigned.
7
 All networks
have a number
in the ITU
5 3
global
4 numbering
plan.
 Template
database
HOW LBS WORKS

Application Positioning service

server
Request with
Content HTTP API identity
database
Application
Response with
Response with
position
positioned
information Request with HTTP API Mobile
identity or
appendix positioning
centre
mobile phone
 TRANSFORMATION OF
DATA TO MAP
Transformation
engine
Transformation
sheet library

Web
feature
server
GML content
Styled maps
 Problems with mobile phone
positioning.
 Relies on the mobile telephone infrastructure
 Some operators may not be ready
 Low precision
 Depends on cell size, antenna configuration
 Battery life and malicious disconnection
 Requires the phone to be on to work
 Advantages of mobile phone
positioning.

 Nearly ubiquitous (at least in urban areas)

 Works indoors
 To a large extent
 No user action required to start positioning
 Position history can be registered
 General problems of persistent
positioning.

 Giving up privacy
 Even if it is to a trusted party
 How to prevent misuse?
 System needs to be 100 % up
 Only telecom companies have this kind of experience
 Nobody can foresee when the system is needed
THANKS….