CMP 202

Application of Computer

Rain 2020
Lecturer: Tola J. Odule
http://www.oouagoiwoye.edu.ng/~odule/Classes/CMP-202/

CEN 4010 First Lecture January 10, 2005

 Introduction: The Computer System
Overview:
Introduction

Learning Outcome
Computer System
Input Devices

Output Devices
Software
Storage Devices

System Memory

The CPU Peripheral devices

System Bus

Summary
Memory unit

Central processing
Hardware

unit
Arithmetic/Logic unit
Control unit
System Bus
CEN 4010: Introduction to Software Engineering First Lecture on Jan. 10, 2005 2
 Module 3 Learning Outcomes
Overview:
Introduction At the end of this module, student should be
Learning Outcome able to:
Input Devices

Output Devices  Explain the concept of Computer Hardware

Storage Devices
 Explain the different Units of a Computer.
System Memory

The CPU
 Explain the different computer devices
System Bus

Summary

CEN 4010: Introduction to Software Engineering First Lecture on Jan. 10, 2005 3
 Input Devices (1)
Overview: Input devices provide or fetch information and
Introduction
instructions to the computer and include:
Learning Outcome

Input Devices  Light pen is used to:

Output Devices
– Draw directly on a computer’s video screen
Storage Devices
– Select information on the screen by pressing a
System Memory

The CPU
clip in the light pen or by pressing the light pen
System Bus
against the surface of the screen.
Summary
 Mouse is a pointing device designed to:
– Control the motion of an on-screen pointer or
cursor
– Select items or choose commands on the screen.

 Joystick is a pointing device used to:

– Navigate a cursor or other graphical object on a
computer screen.

CEN 4010: Introduction to Software Engineering First Lecture on Jan. 10, 2005 4
 Input Devices (2)
Overview:  Keyboard is used to:
Introduction – Type in text, numeric and execute commands with
Learning Outcome
the aid of the functional keys on the keyboard.
Input Devices

Output Devices  Optical Scanner is used to convert:

Storage Devices
– images such as a picture or text into electronic
System Memory
signals that can be manipulated by a computer.
The CPU
– E.g., scan a picture into a computer and included
System Bus

Summary
it in a text document created on that computer.
– There are flatbed scanner (like an office
photocopier) and;
– handheld scanner, which is passed manually
across the image to be processed.

 Microphone is used for converting:

– Sound into signals that can be stored, manipulated,
and played back by the computer.
CEN 4010: Introduction to Software Engineering First Lecture on Jan. 10, 2005 5
 Input Devices (3)
Overview:  A voice recognition module converts:
Introduction
– spoken words into information that the computer
Learning Outcome
can recognize and process.
Input Devices

Output Devices  Modem (modulator-demodulator) connects:

Storage Devices
– a computer to a telephone line or cable television
System Memory
network;
The CPU
– allows information to be transmitted to or
System Bus
received from another computer;
Summary
– Each computer that sends or receives
information must be connected to a modem

CEN 4010: Introduction to Software Engineering First Lecture on Jan. 10, 2005 6
 Output Devices (1)
Overview:
Output devices consist of hardware that transfer
Introduction

Learning Outcome
information from the computer’s CPU to the
Input Devices
computer user as shown below
Output Devices

Storage Devices

System Memory
Video
The CPU

System Bus
Graphic Printers
Summary
Adapter

Plotters Monitor
CEN 4010: Introduction to Software Engineering First Lecture on Jan. 10, 2005 7
 Output Devices (2)
Overview:  Video Graphic Adapter A device that
Introduction
converts:
Learning Outcome
– information generated by the computer into visual
Input Devices
information called Monitor, that looks like a
Output Devices
television set.
Storage Devices

System Memory
– Information from the CPU is displayed on the
The CPU screen of the monitor.
System Bus

Summary
 Printers print:
– Information and graphics processed or produced
with the aid of computer on paper as hardcopy.
– There are different types of printers such as Dot-
matrix printers, Laser printers, Inkjet printers, etc.

CEN 4010: Introduction to Software Engineering First Lecture on Jan. 10, 2005 8
 Output Devices (3)
Overview:  Plotters convert:
Introduction
– Computer output to microfilm or fiche
Learning Outcome

Input Devices
(COM) and;
Output Devices – Process information on rolls of film (drum
Storage Devices
plotter) or;
System Memory

The CPU
– Slide of film (flatbed plotter).
System Bus

Summary

CEN 4010: Introduction to Software Engineering First Lecture on Jan. 10, 2005 9
 Storage Devices (1)
Overview:
Storage devices provide permanent storage of
Introduction

Learning Outcome
information and programs for retrieval by the
Input Devices
computer and consist of the types shown below.
Output Devices Hard disk drive
Storage Devices

System Memory
floppy disk
The CPU

System Bus
magneto-optical
Summary

compact disk

Digital Video Disc

Flash drives

Memory Cards

CEN 4010: Introduction to Software Engineering First Lecture on Jan. 10, 2005 10
 Storage Devices (2)
Overview:  Hard disk drives:
Introduction – Store information in magnetic particles
Learning Outcome
embedded in a disk and are permanent part of
Input Devices
the computer.
Output Devices

Storage Devices
– Store and retrieve large amounts of information
System Memory
very quickly and are of different sizes.
The CPU

System Bus
 Floppy disk drives:
Summary
– Store information in magnetic particles
embedded in a disk and are removable.
– Store and retrieve lesser amounts of information
at a slower rate and are or 1/2 floppy disk sizes.

CEN 4010: Introduction to Software Engineering First Lecture on Jan. 10, 2005 11
 Storage Devices (3)
Overview:  Magneto-optical disk drives:
Introduction – Store information on removable disks sensitive to
Learning Outcome
laser and magnetic fields
Input Devices
– Store and retrieve large amounts of information
Output Devices

Storage Devices
at a much slower rate.
System Memory

The CPU
 Compact disc drives:
System Bus
– Store information on pits burned into the surface
Summary of a disc of reflective material such as CD-ROM.
– Store and retrieve large amounts of information
like hard disk at a much slower rate.

 Digital Video Disc (DVD):

– Similar to and works like a CD-ROM.
– Can store more than 15 times as much
information

CEN 4010: Introduction to Software Engineering First Lecture on Jan. 10, 2005 12
 Storage Devices (4)
Overview:  Flash drives:
Introduction – work as floppy disks but more sensitive as a hard
Learning Outcome
disk
Input Devices
– must be ejected logically before final removal
Output Devices

Storage Devices
from the computer system.
System Memory – have more memory than floppy disks
The CPU

System Bus  Memory Cards:

Summary – work as flash drive but with a card reader
– very effective and more durable than the flash
drives

Note: All of these output devices except monitors,

printers and plotters may be used as input devices if
they contain information to be used and processed by
the user
CEN 4010: Introduction to Software Engineering First Lecture on Jan. 10, 2005 13
 System Memory (1)
Overview:
Memory refers to the computer chips that store
Introduction
information for quick retrieval by the CPU. They are
Learning Outcome
basically divided into two as shown below
Input Devices

Output Devices
System
Memory
Storage Devices

System Memory

The CPU

ROM
System Bus

Summary

RAM

CEN 4010: Introduction to Software Engineering First Lecture on Jan. 10, 2005 14
 System Memory (2)
Overview:  Random Access Memory (RAM) stores:
Introduction – information and instructions that operate the
Learning Outcome
computer’s programs
Input Devices
– Known as volatile memory because the
Output Devices

Storage Devices
information within the computer chips is lost
System Memory
when power to the computer is turned off
The CPU

System Bus
 Read-Only Memory (ROM) contains:
Summary
– information and software that must be
permanently available for computer operation
from start up to shut down
– It’s a non-volatile memory because the memory
chips retain their information when power to the
computer is turned off

CEN 4010: Introduction to Software Engineering First Lecture on Jan. 10, 2005 15
 Central Processing Unit (1)
Overview: This is the main brain of the computer that accepts data,
Introduction
performs operations on the data and sends out the result .
Learning Outcome
The main components of a typical CPU is as shown
Input Devices
below
Output Devices

ALU
Storage Devices

System Memory

The CPU

System Bus

Summary
Registers

Control section

Internal Bus
CEN 4010: Introduction to Software Engineering First Lecture on Jan. 10, 2005 16
 Central Processing Unit (2)
Overview:  ALU is responsible for performing:
Introduction – all arithmetic or logical operations
Learning Outcome

Input Devices  Registers act as:

Output Devices
– temporary storage areas that hold data, keep
Storage Devices
tracks of instruction, and hold the location and
System Memory
results of these operations.
The CPU

System Bus
 Control section is responsible for:
Summary
– timing and regulating the operation of the entire
computer system;
– decodes patterns of data in a designated register
and translate the patterns into activities;
– uses interrupt signals to indicate the order in
which individual operations uses the CPU

CEN 4010: Introduction to Software Engineering First Lecture on Jan. 10, 2005 17
 Central Processing Unit (3)
Overview:  Internal Bus consists of:
Introduction – Network of communication lines that connects
Learning Outcome
the internal elements of the processor;
Input Devices
– links the processor to the other elements of the
Output Devices

Storage Devices
computer
System Memory

The CPU
The main functions of the microprocessor are to:
System Bus
– Control use of the main storage in storing data
Summary and instructions (i.e. the ROM);
– Control the sequence of operations;
– Give commands to all parts of the computer
system;
– Carry out processing

CEN 4010: Introduction to Software Engineering First Lecture on Jan. 10, 2005 18
 Hardware Connections (1)
Overview:  A Bus provides:
Introduction – a common interconnected system of circuitry that
Learning Outcome
coordinates and moves information within the
Input Devices
internal parts of a computer;
Output Devices

Storage Devices
 A Bus is characterised by:
System Memory
– how much information it can manipulate at one
The CPU
time, called the bus width (bus width);
System Bus

Summary
– how quickly it can transfer these data (bus
speed)

CEN 4010: Introduction to Software Engineering First Lecture on Jan. 10, 2005 19
 Hardware Connections (2)
Overview:  A Serial Bus transfers:
Introduction – information from the CPU to an external device
Learning Outcome
such as keyboard one piece of data at a time;
Input Devices
– It is therefore slow but provides effective
Output Devices

Storage Devices
connections over long distances
System Memory

The CPU
 A Parallel Bus transfers:
System Bus
– blocks of information simultaneously;
Summary – It’s much faster than a serial connection but
limited to distances of less than 3 m (10 ft)
between the CPU and the external device;
– Most scanners and printers use this type of
connection

CEN 4010: Introduction to Software Engineering First Lecture on Jan. 10, 2005 20
 Summary of Module 3
Overview:
Introduction
In this module:
Learning Outcome

Input Devices
 we examined the physical component of a
Output Devices

Storage Devices
computer called the Hardware;
System Memory  The hardware serves as the structure of the
computer;
The CPU

System Bus

Summary  Several components help to meet up with

specific functionality requirements. i.e. input,
output, storage, communication, etc.

CEN 4010: Introduction to Software Engineering First Lecture on Jan. 10, 2005 21