WORK AT HEIGHT

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 WHAT IS WORK AT HEIGHT?

How do we define
Work at Heights?

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Working at Heights or Elevated Works is
considered when any work is carried out at 1.8
meters (6ft.) and higher or working on one or
more of the following:

1.High Steel Structures

2.Roof Tops
3.Scaffolds
4.Ladders
5.Floor Openings

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FACTORS AND SITUATIONS THAT
COULD CAUSE A FALL:
 moving from one surface to another at heights;
 uncovered holes and openings;
 open ledges not barricaded;
 uneven surfaces;
 moving surfaces;
 poor lighting;
 unsuitable foot wear;
 slippery surfaces;
 wind, rain and ice;
 being struck by falling objects;
 incorrectly using a ladder; and
 incorrectly using fall arresting
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equipment.
 SUPERVISOR’S RESPONSIBILITIES
 Supervisors are responsible to ensure that
employees receive training on:
 proper use; care; inspection; and limitations;
of all

 Fall Protection Equipment.

 Supervisors are responsible to ensure that the
proper equipment is available for employee use.

 Supervisors are responsible to monitor employee

use of Fall Protection devices to ensure that all
requirements of this procedure are maintained.

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 INSPECT THE JOB FIRST !
• Before each task is started, visit
where you will be working.

• Check for drop hazards,

overhangs.

• Check to make sure that no

welding takes place above while
you are working below a walkway.

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 PORTABLE LADDERS
The most commonly used and
abused equipment for working at
heights is the Portable ladder.

The main types of Portable Ladders

commonly used are the:

1. Single ladder;

2. Extension Ladder; &

3. Step Ladder.
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POSITIONING PORTABLE LADDERS
Ladders should be positioned on a firm,
level surface at an angle of 75 degrees.

You should never position a ladder:

in front of outward opening doors;

against a window pane;
on top of boxes, loose bricks or
concrete blocks to gain extra
height.

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 PORTABLE LADDERS
1 meter

The end of the ladder extends at

least 1 meter (3 Ft.) past the
landing platform or step off point.

The ladder must have secure

footing on level ground / surface.

Secure the ladder at the top to

prevent slipping & falling.

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 PORTABLE LADDERS

Use both hands when climbing the

ladder.

Always maintain a minimum three

point contact with the ladder;

Use a hand-rope to haul tools up

to your work platform.

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 CHECKING METAL LADDERS

Sharp edges and burrs

Twisted or deformed
ladder parts

Metal fatigue and cracks

Loose or missing
screws and rivets

Corrosion due to
contact with acids
or caustic soda
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CHECKING SINGLE TYPE LADDERS
Loose rungs

300mm spacing

Twisted

Worn or missing
slip resistant feet 12
 PERSONAL FALL ARREST SYSTEM
LIFELINE /
STATIC LINE
(Cable Wire)

Tie Off Point

FULL BODY
HARNESS
CONNECTOR

DECELERATION
DEVICE
LANYARD

STANCHION

ROPE ANCHORAGE
GRAB (Capable of supporting
a minimum dead weight
of 2,268 kgs./person)
Example - Beams,
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Girdles, & or Columns.
 PERSONAL FALL ARREST SYSTEM
OSHA Standard 1915.149
ANCHORAGE

• Strong enough
• Above head
• 100% tie - off
• Not in conduit
• Not in electrical cable
• Not in air ducts
• Not in any part of Valve
• Not in Cable Trays Support

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 PERSONAL FALL ARREST SYSTEM
FULL BODY HARNESS

A safety harness:
• stops the fall and spreads the impact shock
over a large area of the body; and
• allows a fall to be stopped or arrested
without causing bodily injury.

The safety harness must be attached to:

• a lanyard with a built in shock absorber; or
• a self-retracting lanyard.

The other end of the lanyard must be

securely attached to a static line or 15
anchor point.
 PERSONAL FALL ARREST SYSTEM
BODY BELT
NOT ALLOWED

(Use it only as restraint

device to limit the movement
at dangerous places)

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 PERSONAL FALL ARREST SYSTEM
SAFETY RULES
 Destroy any equipment which has received a shock load.
 Never use equipment for other than personal fall protection.
 To protect from accidental disconnection ("roll out") only use
lanyards with double locking snap hooks.
 Do not interconnect snap hooks for doubling the length of the
lanyard.
 Connect the lanyard to a solid anchor point and do not expose
yourself to a fall on the lanyard greater than 6 feet.
 Inspect you fall protection equipment prior to use daily.
 Lanyards must be equipped with shock absorber.
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 THE FIVE MOST
SERIOUS SCAFFOLD HAZARDS

• FALL
• UNSAFE ACCESS
• STRUCK BY FALLING OBJECTS
• ELECTROCUTION
• SCAFFOLD COLLAPSE
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 OSHA FATALITY STUDY
Scaffolding Roofs
19% 26%

Floors
10% Ladders
6%

Others 19
39%
OSHA SCAFFOLD FATALITY STUDY

Falls
70% Overhead
wires
12%

Collapse
18%
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 SCAFFOLD FATALITIES
FROM FALLS BY JOB TITLES
Laborers
19%

Scaffolders
11%

Others Painters
41% 15%

Masons 21
14%
SCAFFOLD FATALITIES FALLS
PRIMARY CAUSE
Lack of Fall
Protection
28%
Others
21%

Suspension Rope
Not Used
7%
Defective Planking
Collapse 9%
23% No Guardrail 22
12%
GENERAL SCAFFOLD
REQUIREMENTS

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 GENERAL SCAFFOLD REQUIREMENTS

• Weight Capacity - all scaffolds must be capable

of supporting 4 times the intended load.
• A scaffold expected to hold a 200 lb man and 20
lbs of tools and materials must be designed to
support 880 lbs without failure.
• A scaffold must never be loaded beyond its
maximum capacity.

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 Toe-Board
Spare Pipe

Top-Rail

Mid-Rail

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 GENERAL SCAFFOLD REQUIREMENTS
• Platforms - rest platforms every 12 feet
• Built in access rungs must:
– be specially designed by the manufacturer as
a ladder rung
– have rung length of at least 12”
– be uniformly spaced
– have maximum vertical spacing of 12”

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12 in

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12 in
ERECTION AND USE

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 GENERAL SAFETY GUIDELINES
DURING ERECTION
• Scaffolds shall be erected under the supervision of a
competent person, and performed by a trained crew
selected by the competent person.
• Personal Protective Equipment
• Soil Types
• Base Plates
• Plumb, level, and square scaffold at base

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 GENERAL SAFETY GUIDELINES
DURING ERECTION

RAISING AND LOWERING SCAFFOLD MATERIALS

• Should be done using an approved hoisting appliance (e.g. - gin
wheel)
• Throwing is strictly prohibited.
• The area on the ground level beneath the material being raised
shall be barricaded and a sign displayed prominently.
• All timber planks intended to be raised or lowered by rope shall
be secured by a timber hitch or clove hitch with a half hitch on
the main hauling part.
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RAISING AND
LOWERING
SCAFFOLD
MATERIALS

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 SCAFFOLD TAGGING
• All scaffold shall be tagged “COMPLETE”,
“INCOMPLETE”, “DANGER - DO NOT USE”.
• What makes an “INCOMPLETE” scaffold?
– Missing guardrails
– Incomplete decking
• What makes a “DANGER - DO NOT USE” scaffold?
– Cracks in frame
– Excessive rust
– Scaffold not plumb
– Scaffold has missing parts 32
UNIVERSAL SCAFFOLD TAGS

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 SCAFFOLD USE
• Scaffold users must comply with all federal, state, and
local regulations when using a scaffold.
• User must inspect scaffold before use.
• Always use the safe means of access provided.
• Do not work from scaffold if you feel dizzy or weak.
• Do not climb or use as access bracing or frame.
• Climb carefully.
• Do not alter or move the scaffold while it is in use,
except by a trained crew under the supervision of a
competent person.
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 SCAFFOLD USE
• Use special precautions to protect the scaffold
members when working with a heat producing tool.
• Maintain scaffold in a safe condition.
• Do not use scaffold as a material hoist.
• Clean up spills immediately.
• Use tag line to hoist materials onto a scaffold.
• Do not allow tools, materials, or debris to accumulate.
Ensure thorough housekeeping.

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 SCAFFOLD USE

• Maintain clearance from power lines as follows:

– Insulated lines: less than 300 volts - 3 feet
– 300 volts to 50 KV - 10 feet
– More than 50 KV - 10 feet plus 4 inches for
each 1 KV over 50 KV

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THANK YOU ALL

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