DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

BATCH NO: 14

ECO-FRIENDLY DEGUMMING TREATMENT USING

PECTINASE AND XYLANASE IN TEXTILE INDUSTRIES

PRESENTED BY: UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF:

MONISHA.B
Adhish.R.K (714022214001)
Asst.Professor
Monica.S (714022214027)
Nandhini.G (714022214029)
Nandhini.R (714022214030)

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AREA:
Production of enzyme by removing the impurities through
biodegradable method.

AIM:
The primary objective is to effectively remove pectin and xylan , which are
natural impurities found in the gums surrounding textile fibers.

NOVELTY OF THE WORK:

Removing impurities in textile industries through enzyme

technology.

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OBJECTIVE:

• The aim of eco-friendly degumming treatment using Pectinase and Xylanase in textile
industries is to implement a sustainable and environmentally friendly approach for
removing impurities from textile fibers , particulary in processes involving plant based
fibers like cotton or hemp.
• To minimize the use of chemical that can be harmful to the environment, such as
caustic soda or other harsh agents typically employed in traditional degumming
processes.

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INTRODUCTION:
• Degumming is the process of removing the sericin or gum from silk yarn. Removing
the gum improves the sheen, color, hand and texture of the silk.
• Plant based fiber in textile contributes market share of 5.7%. Textile processing fiber
necessitates degumming process.
• The main purpose of degumming is to remove the phospholipids or gums from the
crude vegetable oils.
• Degumming process are of three types namely water degumming, enzymatic
degumming and acid degumming.
• Textile processing of natural fiber necessitates the removal of the hemicellulosic
substance.The major concern of this research is the degumming of natural fibers by an
eco friendly method.
• Degumming of fiber can be performed by hemicellulose degrading enzymes such as
Pectinase, Xylanase and Laccases.
• Here we using the enzymes such as Pectinase and Xylanase enzymes.

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• Pectinase enzymes play a crucial role in the textile industry, specifically in the
processes of desizing and scouring.These enzymes are used to remove pectin-based
impurities and stains from natural fibers, such as cotton and linen, resulting in
improved fabric quality and appearance.

• In textile manufacturing, fabrics often undergo a process called sizing, which

involves applying a sizing agent to strengthen and protect the yarn during weaving or
knitting. Sizing agents, such as starch or modified starch, are commonly used and can
leave behind residues on the fabric surface.

• Pectinase enzymes are employed during the desizing process to degrade and
remove the pectin residues from the fabric. The enzymes break down the pectin into
simpler molecules, facilitating their removal from the fabric. This enzymatic desizing
method is highly effective, as it specifically targets and degrades the pectin without
damaging the fabric itself.

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• Xylanase is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in the textile industry. It is widely
used in various textile processes to improve the quality and functionality of textile
products. Xylanase belongs to a class of enzymes known as glycoside hydrolases
and specifically targets xylan, a complex polysaccharide found in plant cell walls.

• In the textile industry, xylanase is primarily used for two purposes: desizing and
bio-polishing. Desizing: Desizing is the process of removing the sizing agents
applied to yarn or fabric during the manufacturing process. Sizing agents are used to
provide stiffness, smoothness, and abrasion resistance to the fabric.

• Xylanase helps in breaking down the xylan-based sizing agents, allowing for
their easy removal. This enzymatic desizing process is more environmentally
friendly compared to traditional chemical desizing methods.

• Bio-polishing: Bio-polishing is a textile finishing process that improves the

fabric's appearance and hand feel. Xylanase is used in bio-polishing to selectively
remove these protruding fibers and fibrils, resulting in a smoother fabric surface.

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REVIEW OF LITERATURE:
SNO CITATION TITLE MATERIALS/ FINDINGS INFERENCE
SAMPLES

1. Anna Anghileri et Mechanical Silk yarn The From that we

al, (2004) properties of enzyme: degummin can conclude
silk yarn Protease,silk g results that the
degummed degumming, obtained enzymes can
with several degumming with the be used in the
proteases loss,optical different removal
microscopy,t protease at process of any
ensile three silk fabric of
texts,intrinsic different any material.
viscosity,mea enzymes
rsurements concentrati
on sericin
acts major
role in the
enzymes.

7
S.NO CITATION TITLE MATERIALS/ FINDINGS INFERENCE
SAMPLES

2. Muhamma Effect of Medium Procurrement Various Strain of

d Fafan et Composition on of substrates, agricultural Bacillus
al, (2012) Xylanase Bacterial wastes as a substilis-BSOS
Production by strain, substrate was grown in
Bacillus subtilis cultivation of wheat bran submerged
using Various vegetative was found fermentation of
Agricultural cells. best inducer agricultural
Wastes of xylanase wastes for
enzyme Xylanolytic
production. activity.

3. Haneef Ur Morphological Identification, B.licheniform pectinase

Rehman et and molecular 16S rDNA is used apple production on
al,(2015) based sequences, pectin and pectin agar and
identification Bacillus yeast extract 3 strains HR 4,
of pectinase licheniformis, for maximum HR 21 and HR
producing Pectinase pectinase 23 were
Bacillus production production. observed
licheniformis to produce
from rotten extracellular
vegetable. pectinase.
8
S.NO CITATION TITLE MATERIALS/ FINDINGS INFERENCE
SAMPLES
4. Setegn Haile Pectinase from Pectinase Production of From this we
et al,(2022) Microorganisms enzyme and enzyme and can conclude
and its Industrial production of its industrial that the
application pectinase application enzymes
enzyme using purpose and
various its usage
microorganism
s
5. Gang Guo et Purification and Bacterial Xylan is one Mostly
al,(2011) characterization of strains and of the key Bacillus
a xylanase from plasmids ,medi elements in subtilils is
Bacillus subtilis a and culture the used for the
isolated from the conditions,scre hemicullulos enzyme in
degumming line ening of active e making up degumming
xylan- of plant cell process
degrading wall.Bacillus
strains,cloning, subtilis 168 is
xylanase the putative
weight strain to
determination produce
xylanase
9
SNO CITATION TITLE MATERIALS/ FINDINGS
SAMPLES INFERENCE

6. Archana et al, (1997) Xylane Solid state B.Lichenifor The

production by fermentation, mis A99 in production of
thermophiliu Bacillus solid state extracellular
Bacillus licheniformis, fermentation, thermostable
licheniformis Xylanase, wheat bran callulase free
A99 in solid wheat bran. supported Xylanase by
state enzyme Bacillus
fermentation. production lichenformis
for better A99 was
than any studied in
other natural solid state
substract. fermentation.
This was the
first report on
xylanase
production
through solid
state
fermentation.

10
SNO CITATION TITLE MATERIALS/ FINDINGS INFERENCE
SAMPLES

7. Avtar Singh et al, Eco-friendly Bleaching . xylanase and production of

(2019) scouring of Bioscouring . pectinase xylanase and
ramie fibers Brightness . enzymes, pectinase
using crude Scouring . produced by a enzymes
xylano- Whiteness . bacterial from a
pectinolytic Yellowness. isolate, on bacterial
enzymes for physico- isolate using
textile purpose chemical and agro-waste–
various optical based
properties of medium
ramie fibers.

8. M.L.Gulrajani et Degumming of Dewaxing, Combined Lipase

al, (1999) silk with lipase Degumming, enzyme treated enzyme can
and protease Lipase, show same be used along
Protease, weight with protease
Silk. loss,cleaner to improve
longitudinal the
surface and degumming
better of silk.
wettability
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SNO CITATION TITLE MATERIALS/ FINDINGS INFERENCE
SAMPLES

9. Chiliveri Retting and Pectate An effective Application

et al., degumming of lyase, approach for studies revealed that
(2016) natural Polygalactur pectin this enzyme mixture
fibers by onase, hydrolysis in a (major pectate
pectinolytic Retting, cost-effective lyase) may have
enzymes Degumming, and eco-friendly possible usage
produced Solid state manner. in the fiber and
from Bacillus fermentation textile industry by
tequilensis having good retting
SV11‑UV37 and degumming
using solid efficiency.
state
fermentation

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SNO CITATION TITLE MATERIALS/ FINDINGS INFERENCE
SAMPLES

10. Giuliano Degumming of Silk fabric, Alkaline and The enzyme

Freddi et al, silk fabric with Sericin, neutral penetration
(2003) several Degumming, proteases within the
proteases Proteases effectively closest parts
degummed of the fabric
silk fabrics texture and
and also to make
removed sericin
sericin using removal
a crepe silk more
faric as the effective. As
substract. a
consequence
of complete
sericin
removal,
quality of
goods
increases.

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SNO CITATION TITLE MATERIALS/ FINDINGS INFERENCE
SAMPLES

11. Mokhtar Degumming Biodegradab Results encourage The enzymatic

Arami et of Persian le, biofibers, in comparison with degare minimum
al,(2007) Silk with biopolymers, those of the environmental
Mixed enzymes,Per conventional damage, less
consumption
Proteolytic sian silk method of of energy, and a
Enzymes yarn,alclase degumming that is short operation
and saninase, alclase, saninase time.
Irgasol NA. and their mixtures
effectively degum
silk fibers
12. Mohamma Enzymatic Cotton, Several enzyme Enzymes in
d Shahid et processing of desizing, based methods have processing of plant
al, (2016) natural fibres: biosourcing, been developed for fibres.
White bleaching, use at various stages
biotechnology biostoning, for the preparation
for biopolishing, of cotton yarns and
sustainable bast fibers, fabrics.
development

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SNO CITATION TITLE MATERIALS/ FINDINGS INFERENCE
SAMPLES

13. Debkumar Eco-friendly Ramie,gum,d Enzyme-based Degumming of

Biswas et al, degumming egumming,e eco- ramie fiber in
(2016) technology for nzymes,pecti degumming optimized processing
Ranie fiber nase,hemicel technology condition improves
lulose developed for the appearance and
ramie fiber is asthetic of the fiber
bio- considerably that
friendly,and add the impart value
produces during commercial
fibers with applications.
adequate
tensile
strength
required for
subsequent
textile
processing

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SNO CITATION TITLE MATERIALS/ FINDINGS INFERENCE
SAMPLES

14. Niyaz Degradation of Ultrasound, The effective The potential

Mohammad sericin Surface degumming of production of
Mahmoodi et (degumming) of modification, Persian silk new
al,(2009) Persian silk by Degumming under mild cleaner and
ultrasound Silk, conditions environmenta
and enzymes as a Environmenta was lly friendly
cleaner and lly friendly, investigated textile fibers.
environmentally Enzymes
friendly process
15. Niyaz Silk Degumming Microwave The The potential
Mohammad Using irradiation, applicability production of
Mahmoodi et Microwave Surface of microwave new
al, (2009) Irradiation as an modification, at various environmenta
Environmentally Degumming, conditions lly
Friendly Silk, was friendly
Surface Surfactant, investigated to textile fibers
Modification Environmenta the effective using
Method lly friendly degumming of microwave
Persian silk.
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METHODOLOGY:
Isolation of culture strain(Pectinase and Xylanase)

Preparation and optimization of culture media.

Submerged fermentation(Incubation for 4-5 days at 37℃,140 rpm)

Ultrafilteration

Enzyme assay for Xylanase and Pectinase.

Enzymatic degumming method of Ramie fiber

Scanning electron microscopic study

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WORK DONE:
• Just now we completed our culture growth.
• Now we prepared our media composition for submerged fermentation and inoculated
the culture in that media.

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WORK TO BE DONE:
•Next we going to be ultrafiltration .
•Enzyme assay for pectinase and xylanase.
•Enzymatic degumming method of ramie fiber.
•At last we going to study through scanning microscope.

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 MATERIALS AND METHOD:
1. Production of Pectinase.

MICROORGANISM USED:
Pseudomonas fluorescens

Nutrient broth is used for culture growth.

 We prepared 100 ml of nutrient broth media.
 For preparation of nutrient broth media , we
taken 100 ml of distilled water and 1g of nutrient
broth.
 Then we autoclaved it and inoculated the
culture(Pseudomonas fluorescence).
 At last we incubated for 24 hrs in the
shaker(121rpm).

RESULT:
Pseudomonas fluorescens culture
Culture growth was observed.
 2. Production of Xylanase:

MICROORGANISM USED:
Bacillus subtilus

Nutrient broth is used for culture growth.

 We prepared 100 ml of nutrient broth media.
 For preparation of nutrient broth media , we taken
100 ml of distilled water and 1g of nutrient broth.
 Then we autoclaved it and inoculated the
culture(Bacillus subtilus).
 At last we incubated for 24 hrs in the
shaker(121rpm).

RESULT:
Culture growth was observed.

Bacillus subtilus culture

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SUBMERGED FERMENTATION:
1.Production of pectinase from the culture(Pseudomonas fluorescens)

MEDIA COMPOSITION(100 ml):

• Gelatin 1.5g
• Glucose 0.689 ml
• Peptone 2.0g
• Magnesium sulphate 0.2g
• Ferric chloride 0.01g
• Dipotassium hydrogen orthophosphate 0.4g

Submerged fermentation

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2. Production of xylanase from the culture(Bacillus subtilis)

MEDIA COMPOSITION(100 ml):

• Xylene 1.34ml
• Peptone 0.5g
• Yeast extract 0.5g
• Sodium chloride 0.5g
• Dipotassium hydrogen orthophosphate 0.1g
• Magnesium sulfate heptahydrate 0.1g

Submerged fermentation

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 CHARACTERIZATION
SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE:
• A Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) is a powerful imaging tool that is
commonly used in scientific research and various industries to visualize the surface
of objects at a very high resolution. Unlike optical microscopes, which use light to
create images, SEMs use electrons to generate detailed images of samples.

• The basic principle of an SEM involves scanning a focused beam of electrons

across the surface of a specimen. When the electron beam interacts with the
sample, various signals are produced, including secondary electrons, backscattered
electrons, and characteristic X-rays. These signals are then detected and used to
create an image of the sample.

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APPENDIX:
• Now we file the patent
• Then we posted it through speed post on 24/06/2023.

DD FORM
PATENT FORM

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 REFERENCE:
• Anghileri, A., Freddi, G., Mossotti, R., & Innocenti, R. (2007). Mechanical properties of silk
yarn degummed with several proteases. Journal of natural fibers, 4(1), 13-23.
• Muhammad, I., Muhammad, N., Quratualain, S., & Shahjahan, B. (2012). Effect of medium
composition on xylanase production by Bacillus subtilis using various agricultural
wastes. American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences, 12(5), 561-565.
• Rehman, H. U., Siddique, N. N., Aman, A., Nawaz, M. A., Baloch, A. H., & Qader, S. A. U.
(2015). Morphological and molecular based identification of pectinase producing Bacillus
licheniformis from rotten vegetable. Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 13(2),
139-144.
• Haile, S., & Ayele, A. (2022). Pectinase from microorganisms and its industrial
applications. The Scientific World Journal, 2022.
• Guo, G., Liu, Z., Xu, J., Liu, J., Dai, X., Xie, D., ... & Fu, Y. (2012). Purification and
characterization of a xylanase from Bacillus subtilis isolated from the degumming line. Journal
of basic microbiology, 52(4), 419-428.
• Archana, A., & Satyanarayana, T. (1997). Xylanase production by thermophilic Bacillus
licheniformis A99 in solid-state fermentation. Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 21(1), 12-17.
• Singh, A., Varghese, L. M., Battan, B., Patra, A. K., Mandhan, Rfor textile purp. P., &
Mahajan, R. (2020). Eco-friendly scouring of ramie fibers using crude xylano-pectinolytic
enzymes ose. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27, 6701-6710.
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.

• Gulrajani, M. L., Agarwal, R., Grover, A., & Suri, M. (2000). Degumming of silk with lipase
and protease.
• Cheng, L., Duan, S., Feng, X., Zheng, K., Yang, Q., Xu, H., ... & Peng, Y. (2020). Ramie-
degumming methodologies: a short review. Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics, 15,
1558925020940105.
• Freddi, G., Mossotti, R., & Innocenti, R. (2003). Degumming of silk fabric with several
proteases. Journal of Biotechnology, 106(1), 101-112.
• Arami, M., Rahimi, S., Mivehie, L., Mazaheri, F., & Mahmoodi, N. M. (2007). Degumming of
Persian silk with mixed proteolytic enzymes. Journal of applied polymer science, 106(1), 267-
275.
• Shahid, M., Mohammad, F., Chen, G., Tang, R. C., & Xing, T. (2016). Enzymatic processing
of natural fibres: white biotechnology for sustainable development. Green Chemistry, 18(8),
2256-2281.
• Biswas, D., Chakrabarti, S. K., De, S., & Paral, R. (2016). Eco-friendly degumming
technology for ramie fiber. Journal of Natural Fibers, 13(2), 227-237.
• Mahmoodi, N. M., Arami, M., Mazaheri, F., & Rahimi, S. (2010). Degradation of sericin
(degumming) of Persian silk by ultrasound and enzymes as a cleaner and environmentally
friendly process. Journal of Cleaner Production, 18(2), 146-151.
• Mahmoodi, N. M., Moghimi, F., Arami, M., & Mazaheri, F. (2010). Silk degumming using
microwave irradiation as an environmentally friendly surface modification method. Fibers and
Polymers, 11, 234-240.
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THANK YOU!

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