Maths SEA 3

By Sanya, Yana, Anay and Aadit

 Introduction

• A quadrilateral is a four sided polygon which has four sides, angles and vertices.
• There are multiple types of quadrilaterals from which the 520 main ones are convex
and concave quadrilaterals.
• Convex quadrilaterals: All interior angles are acute, right or obtuse,
• Concave quadrilaterals: One interior angle is a reflex angle.
Types of Quadrilaterals
The quadrilateral chart
Properties
 Parallelograms

• Both sides of opposite sides are equal and parallel.

• Opposite angles are equal and adjacent angles are supplementary.
• Diagonals bisect each other.
 Kites
• Both pairs of adjacent sides are equal.
• The diagonals perpendicularly intersect each other.
• One diagonal bisects the other but this does not work
the other way around. i.e.- only one diagonal is bisected.
• One diagonal bisects it’s angles and one pair of opposite
angles are equal.
 Trapeziums

• One pair of opposite sides is parallel while the second pair isn’t.
• Angles on the same side of the transversal are supplementary.
Theorems
 Theorem 8.1
A diagonal of a parallelogram divides it into 2 congruent triangles.

Given:
ABCD is a parallelogram.
AC is it’s diagonal.
To Show:
Triangle ABC is congruent to triangle ADC.
 Theorem 8.2
In a parallelogram, opposites are equal.

• Given:
• ABCD is a parallelogram.
• To Show:
• DC=AB
• AD=BC
 Theorem 8.3
If each pair of opposite sides of a quadrilateral, it is a parallelogram.

• Given:
• ABCD is a quadrilateral in which AB=DC and
BC=AD.
• To Show:
• Quadrilateral ABCD is a parallelogram.
 Theorem 8.4
In a parallelogram, opposite angles are equal.

• Given:
• ABCD is a parallelogram.
• To Show:
• Angle DAB = Angle BCD
• Angle ABC = Angle ADC.
 Theorem 8.5
If in a quadrilateral, each pair of opposite angles is equal, then it is a parallelogram.

• Given:
• In quadrilateral ABCD:-
• Angle DAB = Angle BCD
• Angle ABC = Angle ADC
• To Show:
• Quadrilateral ABCD is a parallelogram.
 Theorem 8.6
The diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other.

• Given:
• ABDC is a parallelogram
• To Show:
• AE = ED
• CE = BE
 Theorem 8.7
If the diagonals of a quadrilateral bisect each other, then the quadrilateral is a parallelogram.

• Given:
• ABDC is a quadrilateral in which
• AE = ED
• CE = BE
• To Show:
• Quadrilateral ABDC is a parallelogram
 Theorem 8.8
A quadrilateral is a parallelogram if a pair of opposite sides is both equal and parallel to each other.

• Given:
• In quadrilateral ABCD,
• AD = BC and AD ll BC A D

• To show:
• Quadrilateral ABCD is a parallelogram.
B
C
 Theorem 8.9
The line segment joining the mid- points of a triangle is parallel and equal to half of the third side

• Given:
• D is the mid point of AB and AC is the mid point
of AC.
• To show:
• DE is equal to half of BC and is parallel to BC.
 Theorem 8.10
The line drawn through the mid point of one side of a triangle, parallel to another side bisects the third side.

• Given:
• P is the mid-point of XY and PQ is parallel
to YZ.
• To Prove:
• Q is the mid-point of XZ.