BIOCHEMICAL

REACTIONS
Chemical reactions that take place inside the cells are termed biochemical reactions.
- all these reactions are enzyme-catalyzed
reactions.

Ex. Isomerization reactions, ligation, hydrolysis, and oxidation-reduction reactions are a few examples of biochemical reactions.
Ligation is the joining of two nucleic acid
fragments through the action of an enzyme.

- a fundamental technique in recombinant

DNA technology and genetic
engineering.

- The ligation of different DNA fragments

can create new functional units..
Carbocation is molecule having a carbon atom
bearing three bonds and a positive formal charge.
Dehydration Synthesis - release water molecules as byproducts.
Hydrolysis - a reaction in which a water molecule is used
during the breakdown
Oxidation - process that involves the loss of electrons.
Reduction - process where there is a gain of electrons.
Hydrogenation is a chemical reaction between molecular hydrogen (H2)
and another compound or element, usually in the presence of a catalyst
such as nickel, palladium or platinum
Dehydrogenation- a chemical reaction that involves the
removal of hydrogen, usually from an organic molecule
Carboxylation - fixation of carbon dioxide by plants and of
bicarbonate by animals, plants, and bacteria
Decarboxylation- a chemical reaction that eliminates a
carboxyl group and liberates carbon dioxide (CO2).
Phosphorylation - the addition of a phosphoryl (PO3)
group to a molecule
Dephosphorylation is the removal of a phosphate (PO43−)
group from an organic compound by hydrolysis.
Ionization is the process of the formation of ions (that are not present in the acids
or water before) when water is added to a substance.
Dissociation is a general process in which molecules
separate or split into other things such as atoms, ions, or
radicals
Neutralization is a reaction that yields salts and water
when equal amounts of acids and bases react.
Condensation reaction is a reaction in which two molecules
combine to form a single molecule.
Halogenation - halogenation is a chemical reaction which
introduces of one or more halogens into a chemical
compound
Saponification defined as a “hydration reaction where free hydroxide
breaks the ester bonds between the fatty acids and glycerol of a
triglyceride, resulting in free fatty acids and glycerol.
Free radical is a species which has one or more
unpaired electrons.
Intermediate compounds - the compound which is produced in
the course of the chemical reaction which is not a final product but
is used in further reaction in order to produce the final product.