WEEK 13 TOPIC

 Photography of police work application

 Surveillance work

07/04/2024 PREPARED BY: MS. KATRINA A GAMBOA, RC

SIGNIFICANCE OF PHOTOGRAPHY IN POLICE WORK
In modern scientific crime detection photography is indeed an excellent aid of the
investigator. The investigator could not just rely on his memories and therefore need an
artificial recorder for him to remember all the things and facts that he had investigated.
Aside from the notes of the investigator, he needs a camera because there are things which
require accurate descriptions of subjects or objects being investigated, hence photographs
will serve the purpose.

The first application of photography in law enforcement was confined to the

problems of personal identification. The photographers of the criminal was taken and used
to supplement the classification made under the Bertillon System of personal
identification.

07/04/2024 PREPARED BY: MS. KATRINA A GAMBOA, RC

FIVE LEGAL METHODS OF PRESERVING
THE CRIME SCENE
1. Photography
2. Sketching
3. Notes taking or description
4. Manikin method
5. Preservation in the mind of the witness

07/04/2024 PREPARED BY: MS. KATRINA A GAMBOA, RC

IMPORTANCE OF PHOTOGRAPHY IN LAW ENFORCEMENT

1. The utmost use of it is for record purposes. Photography

will record the scene of the crime permanently.
2. Photography can preserve all perishable evidence.
3. Photography can be used in the identification of physical
evidence.
4. Photography is necessary in the interrogation of suspects.
A series of photographs will show the action or reactions
of the suspects at the time he made a confession.
07/04/2024 PREPARED BY: MS. KATRINA A GAMBOA, RC
IMPORTANCE OF PHOTOGRAPHY IN LAW ENFORCEMENT

5. Photography can provide a system or technique in making

visible things that cannot be seen by the naked eye.

6. Photography can be useful in the determination of the

truth respecting a matter of fact. Evidence that cannot be
brought inside the court room can be presented by means
of photographs.

07/04/2024 PREPARED BY: MS. KATRINA A GAMBOA, RC

CRIME SCENE PHOTOGRAPHY
- Sometimes referred as
Forensic Photography or
Forensic Imaging.
- It is the art of producing an
accurate reproduction of a
crime scene or an accident
scene using Photography for
the benefit of the COURT or
to aid in an investigation.
07/04/2024 PREPARED BY: MS. KATRINA A GAMBOA, RC
- It is also the one of the most
important steps in the entire
investigation process. As one
of the primary
documentation components,
systematic, organized visual
record of an undisturbed
crime scene must be
achieved.
PURPOSE OF CRIME SCENE PHOTOGRAPHY
 Provide a visual record of the scene and related areas;
 To record the initial appearance of the crime scene and physical
evidence
 To provide the investigators and others with the permanent
record subsequent analysis of the scene
 To provide the permanent record to the court.

07/04/2024 PREPARED BY: MS. KATRINA A GAMBOA, RC

FORENSIC PHOTOGRAPHER
- Commonly referred to as a crime scene photographer or
an evidence photographer

- is a professional photographer who is skilled in the art of

producing only the most exact, detailed photographs that
record the crime scene and the physical evidence within
the crime scene as objectively and accurately as possible.

07/04/2024 PREPARED BY: MS. KATRINA A GAMBOA, RC

 TASK OF SCENE OF THE CRIME OPERATION’S
FORENSIC PHOTOGRAPHER
1. Photograph entire area before it is entered
2. Photograph victims, crowd and vehicles.
3. Photograph entire scene with general, medium, close-up coverage and
extreme close-up view using measurement Scale when appropriate.
4. Photograph major evidence items before they are moved. Coordinate this
effort with the Sketcher, Evidence Custodian and Evidence Recovery
Personnel.
5. Photograph all latent fingerprints, and other impression evidence before
lifting and casting is accomplished.
6. Photograph blueprints, maps and previous photographs of scene, as
required.
7. 07/04/2024
Take final photographs PREPARED
to show final condition as released.
BY: MS. KATRINA A GAMBOA, RC
IMPORTANCE OF CRIME SCENE PHOTOGRAPHY
1. PERMANENT RECORD - A permanent record of the
crime scene is considered indispensable to a
successful presentation of the case in court. A crime
scene that is altered through carelessness and
haste can never be restored to its exact original
condition.

07/04/2024 PREPARED BY: MS. KATRINA A GAMBOA, RC

IMPORTANCE OF CRIME SCENE PHOTOGRAPHY
2. SIGNIFICANCE OF CERTAIN ASPECTS OF THE CRIME SCENE - Also,
in the initial stages of an investigation, the significance of certain
aspects of the crime scene may not be evident, although later they
may vitally affect the issues in the case. The first step in the
investigation of any crime is to photograph all aspects of the crime
scene completely and accurately before any of the objects of
evidence are removed or otherwise disturbed. Photographs should
also be taken after a body or bodies have been removed. It is
always better to take too many photographs than too few.

07/04/2024 PREPARED BY: MS. KATRINA A GAMBOA, RC

IMPORTANCE OF CRIME SCENE PHOTOGRAPHY
3. RECONSTRUCTION OF CRIME SCENE - A study of
photographs can also assist the trained investigator or crime scene
specialist in reconstructing the crime scene and developing
conclusions about how the crime occurred. In addition, the
photographs will make the job of the prosecutor much easier when
a case is presented in a court room. When necessary, photographs
can be coordinated with crime scene sketches or drawings that are
made to scale.

07/04/2024 PREPARED BY: MS. KATRINA A GAMBOA, RC

DIGITAL PHOTOGRAPHY
• A form of photography that uses digital technology
to make images of subjects.
• Digital photographs can be displayed, printed,
stored, manipulated, transmitted, and archived
using digital and computer techniques without
chemical processing.
• It is one of several forms of digital imaging.
07/04/2024 PREPARED BY: MS. KATRINA A GAMBOA, RC
DIGITAL IMAGES
• These are created by non-photographic equipment
such as computer tomography Scanners and radio
telescopes.

• It can also be made by scanning conventional

photographic images.

07/04/2024 PREPARED BY: MS. KATRINA A GAMBOA, RC

DIGITAL PHOTOGRAPHY FEATURES
1. Sensor - It read the intensity of the light as filtered through different color
filters.
2. Storage - Digital memory devices store the digital image information,
either as RGB color space or as raw data. Nearly all digital cameras now
use built in and/or removable solid state flash memory.
3. Multifunctionality and connectivity - A digital memory device is usually
used for storing images, which may then be transferred to a computer
later. It can take pictures, and may also record sound and video. It can be
Used as webcams. Some can use the PictBridge standard to connect to a
printer without using a computer. lt can display pictures directly on a
television set.
07/04/2024 PREPARED BY: MS. KATRINA A GAMBOA, RC
DIGITAL PHOTOGRAPHY FEATURES
4. Performance metrics - Quality of a digital image is the Sum of various
factors, many of which are similar to film cameras.

a. Pixel count -Created by marketing organizations of digital camera

manufacturers because consumers can use it easily to compare
camera capabilities.
b. Resolution- provides an indication of the amount of detail that is
captured. It is simply based on the number of pixels produced by
the image sensor.
c. Dynamic range- the range of luminosity which can be reproduced
accurately.
07/04/2024 PREPARED BY: MS. KATRINA A GAMBOA, RC
DIGITAL PHOTOGRAPHY FEATURES
5. Sensor size and angle of view - Cameras with digital sensors that are
smaller than the typical 35 mm film size will have a smaller field or angle of
view when used with a lens or the same focal length. Angle of view is a
function of both focal length and the sensor or film size used.

6. Digital camera backs - Most digital cameras are built to operate as a self-
contained unit. This is especially so at the lower-end, for these cameras
usually include zoom lens and flashes that cannot be changed. Scanning and
multi-shot camera backs are usually used only in studios to take pictures of
still objects.

07/04/2024 PREPARED BY: MS. KATRINA A GAMBOA, RC

ADVANTAGES OF DIGITAL CAMERA
1. Instant review of pictures.
2. Minimal ongoing costs for those wishing to capture hundreds of
photographs.
3. Permanent storage on digital media is considerably cheaper than
film.
4. Photos may be copied from one digital medium to another.
5. Pictures need not to be scanned before viewing on a computer.
6. Ability to print photos using a computer and consumer-grade
printer.

07/04/2024 PREPARED BY: MS. KATRINA A GAMBOA, RC

ADVANTAGES OF DIGITAL CAMERA
7. Ability to embed meta data within the image file.
8. Ability to capture and store hundreds of photographs on the
same media device.
9. It include AV-out connector and ocable to allow the reviewing of
photographs to an audience using a television.
10. Anti-shake functionality.
11. Ability to use same device to capture video as well as still
images.
12. Ability to convert the same photo from color to sepia to black
and white.
07/04/2024 PREPARED BY: MS. KATRINA A GAMBOA, RC
CONSIDERATIONS FOR DIGITAL CAMERA

1. Changing computer technology may make digital photographs

inaccessible in the future.
2. Use of digital photographs in court proceedings
3. Difficulty of demonstrating an image's authenticity.
4. It requires batteries that need to be recharged or replaced
frequently which means photographer needs access to electrical
outlets.
5. It is much more sensitive to moisture and extreme cold.

07/04/2024 PREPARED BY: MS. KATRINA A GAMBOA, RC

TYPES OF DIGITAL CAMERA

1. CAMERA PHONES
• Cameras built right into the phone.
• It has zoom ability.
• Some even come with a flash or light source.
• They are usually shipped with software and cables that
enable you to download your photographs onto your
computer.

07/04/2024 PREPARED BY: MS. KATRINA A GAMBOA, RC

TYPES OF DIGITAL CAMERA

2. COMPACT CAMERA
• Far more popular.
• It has an LCD screen to compose and review your
photographs which enables you to compose your picture
using both eyes
• Navigation button next to screen allow you to bring up any
picture you have taken, zoom in to ensure it is in focus,
erase it or review tiny thumbnails or each of your images.
• Modes can be set up.
07/04/2024 PREPARED BY: MS. KATRINA A GAMBOA, RC
TYPES OF DIGITAL CAMERA

3. DIGITAL SLR’S CAMERA

• It behaves like their film-based counterparts with the same
body but with different electronics on the side.

07/04/2024 PREPARED BY: MS. KATRINA A GAMBOA, RC

VIDEOGRAPHY
• It refers to the process of capturing moving images on electronic media.

• The term includes methods of electronic production and post production.

• It is the equivalent of cinematography, but with images recorded on

electronic media instead of film stock.

• It covers many more fields than just shooting video with a camera including
digital animation (such as Flash), gaming, web streaming, video blogging,
still slideshows, remote sensing, spatial imaging, medical imaging, security
imaging, and in general the production of most bitmap- and vector-based
assets.
07/04/2024 PREPARED BY: MS. KATRINA A GAMBOA, RC
ADVANTAGES OF VIDEOGRAPHY
• Video gives immediate results without the need for processing.

• Video can be used more than once simply by recording over previous
recordings.

• Visual movement allows the viewer to accurately perceive the scene as it

is shown.

• Sound may be included.

07/04/2024 PREPARED BY: MS. KATRINA A GAMBOA, RC

VIDEOGRAPHY
Video camera - It is attached to a separate recorder or playback unit.

Video camcorder - It has built-in recorder or playback unit.

Crime Scene Videography - it is valuable as an overview for presentation in

court as well as a moving analysis of the scene. It allows for a documented
perspective of the crime scene which cannot be captured in reports,
interviews, or photographs.

07/04/2024 PREPARED BY: MS. KATRINA A GAMBOA, RC

CONSIDERATIONS IN VIDEOGRAPHY
• Prior to videotaping, the investigator should walk the designated
videographer through the scene.

• Videos should begin with an overall general view of the scene.

• If the scene is indoors, then the video should include an overall pan of the
outside location.

• The tape should then include a brief preamble by the investigator which
includes the narrator’s name, the case number, time, date, location of the
incident and a concise description of all rooms and evidence to be viewed
in the tape.
07/04/2024 PREPARED BY: MS. KATRINA A GAMBOA, RC
CONSIDERATIONS IN VIDEOGRAPHY
• Upon completion of this introduction, audio should be disabled as to not
bias the jury and Videotaping of the scene should begin with a general
overview of the crime scene and adjoining areas

• The only exception to this is the inclusion of explanation of what a given

piece evidence.

• However, care must be taken not to say anything that could emotionally
bias a jury as doing so can result in the judge denying the videotape as
evidence.

07/04/2024 PREPARED BY: MS. KATRINA A GAMBOA, RC

CONSIDERATIONS IN VIDEOGRAPHY
• Upon initiation of crime scene video analysis, the Cameraman should use
Close-Up and wide angle views to show the location of evidence,
relevance of evidence, and the scene layout.

• Slow Camera movements such as zooming and panning should be used

while videotaping.

• Close-Ups of Small items of evidence should include a scale to illustrate

the size of the item.

07/04/2024 PREPARED BY: MS. KATRINA A GAMBOA, RC

CONSIDERATIONS IN VIDEOGRAPHY
• NO personnel should be present in the video whatsoever and the content
must be relevant to the case and not produce a level of emotional bias
that would be unacceptable to a given judge deciding on the admissibility
of the evidence.

• Ideally, camera work should be accomplished by a professional trained to

walk through the crime scene without disturbing any evidence.

• Furthermore, Videotaping does NOT replace crime scene photography.

Rather, it acts as a more graphical representation of different aspects of
the scene.
07/04/2024 PREPARED BY: MS. KATRINA A GAMBOA, RC