METABOLITE PROFILING AND COMPARATIVE

METABOLOMICS ANALYSIS OF JIAOZHOU

CHINESE CABBAGE

PRESENTED BY: PRESENTED TO:

MUHAMMAD ARHAM DAR MA‘AM HINA BATOOL

AREEJ KHAN
AREEBA SHAHID
ABDUL MANAN
AHMAD RAZA
RIMSHA SHAHEEN
TABLE OF CONTENTS:
TITLE:
• Metabolite profiling is a powerful tool to understand the biochemical
composition of plants. This analysis examines the diverse metabolites present
in the Jiaozhou variety of Chinese cabbage, revealing its unique chemical
signatures and nutritional properties. These insights can help researchers
and farmers optimize cultivation practices.
• This study provides new insights into the metabolite profiles and production
areas affecting the metabolite variations of Chinese cabbage.
AUTHORS AND INSTITUTES:
• Jingjuan Li
• Institute of Vegetables, Shandong Academy of
• Minghui Qiu
Agricultural Sciences/Shandong Key Laboratory
• Faujiah Nurhasanah Ritonga of Greenhouse Vegetable Biology/Shandong
Branch of National Vegetable Improvement
• Fengde Wang Center, 250100 Jinan, Shandong, China
• College of Life Science, Shandong Normal
• Dandan Zhou
University, 250014 Jinan, Shandong, China
• Cheng Li • Graduate School, Padjadjaran University, 40132
Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
• Huayin Li

• Yihui Zhang

• Jianwei Gao
ABSTRACT:
• Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis) is one of the most popular vegetables in China because
of its taste and health benefits. Chinese cabbage is rich in nutritious substances such as lipids, phenolic
acids, amino acids and derivatives, nucleotides and derivatives, organic acids, flavonoids, glucosinolates,
saccharides, alcohols, and vitamins.
• Widely targeted metabolite analyses based on the ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem
mass spectrometry approach were performed to study the metabolite profiling of Chinese cabbage
planted in the Jiaozhou and Jinan areas.
• A total of 531 metabolites were detected, of which 529 were present in the Chinese cabbage from both
areas, 108 were found to be chemicals related to Chinese traditional medicine, and 79 were found to
correspond to at least one disease. 89 differentially altered metabolites (DAMs) were characterized.

• Two metabolites, S-(Methyl)glutathione and nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide, were unique in Jiaozhou
Chinese cabbage.
 Importance of Chinese
Cabbage
• Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis) is a widely
consumed vegetable in China.
• Known for its taste and health benefits.
• Contains nutrients such as proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins,
and minerals.
• Rich in secondary metabolites like phenolic acids, flavonoids,
glucosinolates, and vitamins that offer antioxidant and
anticancer properties.
 Importance of Chinese
Cabbage
• Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis) is a widely
consumed vegetable in China.
• Known for its taste and health benefits.
• Contains nutrients such as proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins,
and minerals.
• Rich in secondary metabolites like phenolic acids, flavonoids,
glucosinolates, and vitamins that offer antioxidant and
anticancer properties.
Nutritional & Health Benefits
Nutritional Value:
• Protein: 0.8–1.7 g/100 g
• Carbohydrates: 1.5–3.2 g/100 g

Health Benefits:
• Antioxidant properties help in reducing oxidative
stress.
• Anti-cancer properties due to metabolites like Nutritional Value of Chinese Cabbage

sulforaphane and indole-3-carbinol.

• Anti-inflammatory benefits.
 Metabolite Composition
• Chinese cabbage is known to have
a diverse metabolite composition.
• These include lipids, amino acids,
nucleotides, organic acids,
saccharides, and alcohols.
• Significant for their role in human
health and plant physiology.
Metabolite profiling of Chinese cabbage
Study Rationale
• The quality and metabolite composition of Chinese cabbage are
influenced by the production area.
• Jiaozhou cabbage, also known as "Jiaobai," is reputed for its unique
quality, attributed to the local microclimate and geographical conditions.
• Despite its popularity, comprehensive metabolomics data for Jiaozhou
Chinese cabbage is lacking.
Objective of the Study
• The study aims to perform a widely targeted metabolite analysis using
UPLC-MS/MS.
• Focus on comparing metabolite profiles of Chinese cabbage from Jiaozhou
and Jinan.
• Provide insights into nutritional and medicinal value variations based on
production areas.
Methodology Overview

• Plant Material: Use of Gailiangqingza No. 3 variety planted in Jiaozhou

and Jinan.
• Harvest Period: Planted in August and harvested in November.
• Analysis Tool: UPLC-MS/MS for detecting and quantifying metabolites.
 Key points from the introduction

• The study addresses the gap in comprehensive metabolomic profiling of

Jiaozhou Chinese cabbage.
• Understanding the differences in metabolite profiles can aid in enhancing
the nutritional and medicinal value of Chinese cabbage.
• The study's findings are expected to contribute to the functional
cultivation practices of Chinese cabbage.
Materials and Methodology
Plant Material

Variety Used: Gailiangqingza No. 3 Chinese

cabbage.
Planting Locations: Jiaozhou and Jinan.
Planting Date: August 2020.
Harvest Date: November 2020.
Conditions: Standard field management
practices were applied to ensure optimal
growth.
Sample Preparation

• Collection: Samples were collected from both Jiaozhou and Jinan.

• Storage: Samples were frozen immediately in liquid nitrogen and stored at -
80°C until analysis.
• Preparation: Before analysis, samples were ground into fine powder under
liquid nitrogen.
Metabolite Extraction

• 100 mg of the powdered sample was extracted with 1.2 mL of 70% methanol.
• Vortexed for 30 seconds every 30 minutes for 6 times in total.
• Samples were then centrifuged at 12,000 rpm for 3 minutes.
• Supernatants were filtered through a 0.22 μm membrane for UPLC-MS/MS
analysis.
 UPLC-MS/MS Analysis
• Equipment: Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) coupled with
Tandem Mass Spectrometry (MS/MS).
• Column: Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 (100 mm x 2.1 mm, 1.8 µm).
• Mobile Phases:
Phase A: 0.1% formic acid in water.
Phase B: 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile.
• Gradient Program:
Initial 95% A, 5% B; 10.0 min 5% A, 95% B; 11.0-14.0 min 95% A, 5% B.
Flow rate: 0.4 mL/min.
Injection volume: 2 µL.
Column temperature: 40°C.
 MS/MS Condition
• Mode: Electrospray ionization (ESI) in both positive and negative modes.
• Ion Source Parameters:
Ion spray voltage: 5500 V (positive), -4500 V (negative).
Curtain gas: 35 psi.
Source temperature: 500°C.
• Scanning: Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM) mode for quantification.
• Data Acquisition: Analyst 1.6.3 software was used for data acquisition and
processing.
 Quality Control
• Internal Standards: Used to ensure accuracy and reproducibility.
• Replicates: Each sample was analyzed in three technical replicates.
• Quality Control Samples: Included to monitor instrument stability and data
reliability.
 Data Processing
• Software: MetaboAnalyst 4.0 and other statistical tools.
• Normalization: Data were normalized to internal standards.
• Statistical Analysis: Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Partial Least
Squares-Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA), and other multivariate analyses.
• Identification: Metabolites were identified based on retention time,
molecular mass, MS/MS data, and comparisons with reference standards.
 Pathway Analysis
• Database: Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG).
• Enrichment Analysis: Pathway enrichment analysis was performed to
identify significantly affected metabolic pathways.
• Visualization: Pathways were visualized using KEGG Mapper.
 Summary Of Methodology
• Comprehensive metabolomic profiling was performed using advanced UPLC-
MS/MS techniques.
• Rigorous sample preparation, extraction, and data processing ensured high-
quality results.
• Statistical and pathway analyses provided insights into the metabolic
differences between Jiaozhou and Jinan Chinese cabbage.