APTITUDE

SECTIONS OF APTITUDE
PRIMARY SECTION SECONDARY SECTION
Ratio and proportion Probability
Time and distance Permutations & combination
Profit and loss Calendar
Time and work Partnership
Boats and streams HCF & LCM
Pipes and cisterns. Average.
 RATIO AND PROPORTION
 The ratio of two quantities in same units.
 Denoted as a:b
a antecedent b Consequent.
Formula
a : b :: c : d (b*c)=(a*d)
 PROBLEMS:
A mixture contains alcohol and water in the ratio 4:3.If 5 litres of water is added to that mixture the
ratio becomes 4:5. find the qty of alcohol in the given water.
Sol:
qty of alcohol=4x ; qty of water=3x

20x=4(3x+5)

x=2.5
Qty of alcohol=4x=(4*2.5)=10
EXERCISE
1. Two numbers are in the ratio 3:5.If 9 is subtracted from each the new numbers are in the
ratio 12:23.The smaller number is?

2. In a mixture of 35 litres, the ratio of milk and water is 4:1.Another 7 litres of milk is added
to the mixture. Then the ratio of milk and water in the resulting mixture.

3. Divide Rs 15000 among ABC in the ratio 6:7:2.Now calculate A ratio.

SOLUTION
1.Let the no be 3x,5x ;
x=11
Smallest number=(3*11)=>33.
2.Total qty=35
the ratio of milk and water=4:1
Milk=4/5*35=28;
Water=1/5*35=7;
Total qty of water=7+7=14;
Ratio of milk and water=28:14=2:1.
CONT…
Shortcut:
4:1=(4*7):(1*7)=28:7
Now,28:(7*2)=28:14=>2:1

3.Sum of the ratio=6+7+2=15

A share=
B share=
C share=
 TIME AND DISTANCE
;
 Relative speed=Same direction(-) ; Opposite direction(+).
 Average speed when same distance is given =
 2 speeds
 Same distance.
 2 points(A->B) and (B->A).
PROBLEMS
1.Walking at 5/6 of its usual speed a train is 10 minutes too late.Find it usual time to cover the
journey.
Sol:
New speed=5/6 of the usual speed.
New time taken =6/5(Sα
6/5 of the usual time –usual time=10 min
1/5 of the usual time=10 min=>50 min.
Shortcut:
5/6*10=50.(usual speed).
2.A boy goes to school with a speed of 3kmph and returns with the speed of 2 kmph.If he takes
3 hrs in all find the distance between the village and the school.
Sol:
Let d be the distance. assume d=xy
Avg speed=
CONT…
Formula substitution:

So,60=10d
D=6kmts.
3.Two train moving in the same direction at 60kmph and 50kmph.fast train completely crosses a
man sitting in slow train in 45 seconds.what is the length of the train.
Sol:
Relative speed=60-50=10kmph
Length=distance
CONT…
Distance=speed*time

Distance=125 metres.

Shortcut: 10*45=450*5/18=125 metre.

PROFIT AND LOSS
 Profit=S.P-C.P
 Loss=C.P-S.P
 P%=*100
 L%=
 Market price=Discount+S.P.
PROBLEMS
1.A dishonest leader professes to sell his goods at cost price but uses a weight of 960gms for a
kg weight.find his gain product.
Sol:
Gain%=
1Kg=1000gms
So, Error=1000-960=40
Gain%==
CONT…
2.A dishonest dealer professes to sell his goods at cost price but uses the value 800 instead of the
original value. Now calculate the total gain.
Sol:
1000-800=200.
so the gain=
3.Two articles are sold at the same selling price .one at the profit of 75% and another one at a
loss of 30%.What is the overall profit or loss?
Sol:
Profit=75%;loss=30%
So overall net profit is75-30=45
CONT…
Based on selling price=
=22.5%

Shorcut:(Same selling price)

±x±y±

=
4.The selling price of an article is 600 with the profit and the selling price of another article is
400 with the loss and the profit earned is 25%,where the profit will be equal to the loss.
Calculate the value of equal price.
Sol:
S.P=600(profit)
S.P=400(loss)
Now, PROFIT=LOSS
S.P-C.P=C.P-S.P
600-X=X-400
600+400=2X
CONT
2X=1000
X=500

To calculate equal price=25+100=125

500 100
X 125
x*100=500*125
CONT…
Shortcut:
Instead of using formula we can use average method.
Avg==500.

5.The selling price of an article with the profit of 832 and the selling price of another article
with the loss of 448 and the profit earned is 50%,where the profit will be equal to loss. Calculate
the value of equal price.
CONT….
Avg=

640 100
x 150

X*100=640*150
=>960
BOOKS
Quantitative aptitude by R.S AGGARWAL
Logical Reasoning by R.S AGGARWAL
THANK YOU
ANY

QUERIES ?