Lesson 8.2.

- Periodic
Table
 Revision:
Element Proton neutrons electrons charge Symbol
name
Helium 2 2 2 No charge He

Chlorine 17 18 18 -1 Cl-1

Oxygen 8 8 10 -2 Oˉ²

Potassium 19 20 19 No charge K

nitrogen 7 7 10 -3 Nˉ³

Aluminium 13 14 10 +3 Alᶧ³

Sulphur 16 16 18 -2 Sˉ²
 Periodic table 8.2.
By the end of the lesson you should be able to….
D: Recall the charges on the elements by looking at the group
number; difference between metals and nonmetals
C: Recall the group names and understand that all the
elements in the group exhibit similar properties.
B: Explain general properties of alkali metals, halogens, noble
gases.
A: Analyse the trends of physical properties in these groups
along with reactivity trends.
other organisms (
Physical properties Chemical properties Key Terms
Reactivity
Starter: What information can you get from your periodic table?

http://www.ptable.com/
 Name of What information can you get
Charges on ions
elements
out of Periodic table?

Symbols Predicting Properties ?

Atomic
number Reactivity ?

Atomic mass
Elements in the same group in the periodic table
have similar chemical properties. This is because
Electronic their atoms have the same number of electrons in
configuration their outer shell.
(2)
 These properties mean that the alkali metals are different to
Group 1: the typical metals. However, alkali metals do also share some
alkali metals. properties with typical metals:
 They are soft and can be cut by a knife.
 They have a low density. Lithium, sodium and
potassium float on water. Give copied 1
 They have low melting and boiling points.

These metals are all very reactive and are rarely found in nature in
their elemental form. Kept under oil.
 They are good conductors of
Physical heat and electricity.
Properties  They are shiny. This is only seen
when alkali metals are freshly cut.
They tarnish quickly.
Group 1: the Chemical  React with Oxygen to form oxides Give copied 2
alkali metals.  React with water to form hydroxides and
Properties
Hydrogen gas
 React with acid to form salt and Hydrogen gas
 React with group 7 to form salt

 As reactivity increases down the group; while

reacting with cold water Lithium fizzes, sodium
fizzes more, potassium can burst into flame

Li Batteries
Na Salt, street lamps
K Fertiliser, gun powder
Rb To locate tumours
 Student 1x slide

What are the uses of alkali metals?

Video Group1
Group 2: the alkali Give copied 3

earth metals.

Be Gemstones, jewelry
All burn in oxygen = oxides.
Beryllium do not react with Mg Fireworks
water/oxygen others do, but not
very strong. Barium react very Ca Bones, bleaching, baking
strongly with oxygen.
Group 7: the Nonmetals and do not conduct electricity
Halogens
Give copied 4 Smelly and toxic

Exists in a diatomic form - F₂

(solid)

Colour gets darker down the group (Gas)

F Tooth paste, poisonous gas

Chemical properties:
Fluorine + water very
reactive, chlorine + water
reacts, bromine + water Cl Disinfectant in pools and
react slowly, iodine no react for drinking water

Br Fumigant, medicines,
photography

I Antiseptic for wounds

 Chemical reactions of Halogens Later more in
detail!!!!!!!!!

Synthesis reaction: Two elements

combine to form one compound.
Displacement reaction: the
more reactive will displace the less Sodium + Chlorine sodium chloride
reactive ones. Na + Cl NaCl

Chloride Iodine
Chlorine + Potassium Iodide Potassium _________ + __________

Chlorine + Potassium Bromide Potassium _________

Chloride Bromine
+ ­____________

Video Group 2 and 7

Group 8: the Noble Complete outer shell; Give copied 5
inert and unreactive He Helium balloons, diver’s tanks
gases
Uses depend on unreactivity
Ne Neon lights and signs
• The gas inside light bulbs is
Argon because it won’t react Ar In bulb, for insulation in double
with the hot filament, which glazing
is made of metal.
Kr laser
• Argon is a better insulator than air,
so it is used in the gap between the
two panes of glass in double glazing.

• When electricity is passed through neon

gas it glows red.
• Different coloured neon lights can be
made by coating the inside of the glass
tubing of the lights with other
chemicals.
Hydrogen: Give copied 6

Placed alone at the top. Unique!

• Properties do not match with
other elements.
• No neutrons, 1x proton, 1x
electron.
• Uses: Colourless gas, used in
fertilizers, cars developed
that run on it – no carbon
dioxide produced.
• ‘Pop’-test.
Video Group 8