Unit 6

Other Related Geologic Hazards

Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction

LEARNING TARGETS

At the end of this unit, the learners should be

able to do the following:
● Discuss the different geological hazards.
● Analyze the causes of geological hazards.
● Recognize signs of impending geological hazards.
● Interpret geologic maps.
● Apply mitigation strategies to prevent loss of lives and properties.
VALUES AND ATTITUDES

In this unit, the learners should be able to do the

following:
● Be empathetic of the situation of other people during hazardous situations.
● Stay calm and mindful during hazardous situations.
● Be aware of the hazards in his or her surroundings during natural disasters.
Lesson 4
Bolide Impact

Unit 6| Other Related Geological Hazards

Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction

4
What Is Bolide Impact?

Bolide is a generic term that defines

celestial bodies entering the earth's
surface, creating a fireball.
Superbolide is the term used to
describe a relatively larger bolide.

Superbolides can have cratering

formation impacts. In natural history,
superbolides increased the incidence
of climate change and sea level
change.
What Is Bolide Impact?

● Near-Earth Objects (NEOs) define the rocky or

metallic asteroids and icy comets between Jupiter and
Mars.
● Bolide is a generic term that defines celestial bodies
entering the earth's surface, creating a fireball.
Superbolide is the term used to describe a relatively
larger bolide.
● Superbolides can have cratering formation impacts. In
natural history, superbolides increased the incidence of
climate change and sea level change.
Hazards and Deflection Techniques
Hazards
● Increased incidence of climate
change and sea level change.
● Intense tectonic activities,
earthquakes, and increased
volcanism.
● Trigger global mass extinction
and global environmental
dangers.
Deflection
Techniques
● Use a laser beam to move the
NEO.
● Use large lenses or mirrors to
refocus the sun’s energy on a
NEO.
● Use another object to collide
with a NEO to deflect or
change its velocity.
 INTEGRATION

Bolide Impact
Step 1 Step 2 Step 3

Search for pictures of celestial Enumerate the possible hazards Compare the hazards based on the rock’s
bodies entering the Earth’s they may cause. sizes and shapes if they enter the Earth’s
surface. surface.
PROJECT NOAH INTEGRATION

Fireball vs. Bolide

What is a fireball? What is the difference between a fireball and a bolide?

A bolide is a special
fireball that explodes in
A fireball is a very bright the atmosphere with a
meteor. It is generally brighter bright flash before
than magnitude -4 and is about impacting the Earth and is
the same magnitude as Venus in often observed with visible
the morning or evening sky. fragmentation.
PERSPECTIVES IN DRRR

The Philippines is located in the Pacific Ring of Fire and the typhoon belt
making it one of the most hazard-prone countries in the world. The country
experiences natural hazards, like earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, typhoons,
floods, and droughts. These hazards can be classified as geophysical
disturbances, meteorological and hydrological events, and slow-onset
disasters. Due to the rapidly increasing population and urbanization, natural
disasters have resulted in unprecedented scales of devastation. From 2001 to
the present, the country experienced some of the most destructive and
catastrophic disasters, including Typhoon Yolanda and the Bohol
Earthquake in 2013.
10
Stoplight

STOP CONTINUE START

PHOTO CREDIT

Slides 5 and 6: Inside Canyon Diablo meteor impact crater by Mike Beauregard is licensed under CC BY 2.0 via
Wikimedia Commons.

12
REFERENCES
Aghai, Ahmad Khorsandi. 2015. “Survey of land subsidence—case study: The land subsidence formation in artificial
recharge ponds at South Hamadan Power Plant, northwest of Iran.” Journal of Earth System Science 124(1): 261–
268.

American Meteor Society. n.d. “Fireball FAQs.” Accessed April 2, 2018. https://www.amsmeteors.org/fireballs/faqf/.

Arizona Geological Survey. n.d. "Earth Fissures, Subsidence & Karst in Arizona." Accessed April 2, 2018.
https://azgs.arizona.edu/center-natural-hazards/earth-fissures-subsidence-karst-arizona.

Aurelio, Mario, John Dale Dianala, and C. M. Tan. 2017. Senior High School Disaster Reduction and Management–
Reader. 1st edition. Pasig City: Department of Education, Bureau of Learning Resources.

Bird, Eric, and Nick Lewis. 2015. Beach Renourishment. Switzerland: Springer Charm.

Bollettino, Vincenzo, Tilly Alcayna, Krish Enriquez, and Patrick Vinck. 2018. “Perceptions of Disaster Resilience and
Preparedness in the Philippines.” Harvard Humanitarian Initiative. Accessed March 17, 2023.
https://hhi.harvard.edu/publications/perceptions-disaster-resilience-and-preparedness-philippines.

Davidson-Arnott, Robin, and Jeff Ollerhead. 2011. Coastal Erosion and Climate Change. Charlottetown: Atlantic Climate
Adaptation Solutions Association.

Canadian Space Agency. 2015. "NEOSSat: Canada's Sentinel in the Sky." Accessed April 2, 2018. http://www.asc-
csa.gc.ca/eng/satellites/neossat/. 13
REFERENCES
Chowdbury, Robin, and Phil Flentje. 2002. “Uncertainties in rainfall-induced landslide hazard.” Quarterly Journal of
Engineering Geology and Hydrology 35(1): 61–70.

Evelpidou, Niki, Andreas Vassilopoulos, Dimitra Leonidopoulou, and Serafim Poulos. 2008. "An investigation of the
coastal erosion causes in Samos Island, Eastern Aegan Sea." Journal Landscape Ecology 6(3): 295–310. Accessed
April 2, 2018.
http://scholar.uoa.gr/evelpidou/publications/investigation-coastal-erosion-causes-samos-island-eastern-aegean-
sea
.

Grady, Monica, R. Hutchinson, G. J. H. McCall, and David Rothery. 1998. “Meteorites: Flux with Time and Impact
Effects.” Geological Society London Special Publications 140(1): 1–5.

Harris, Alan, Mark Boslough, Clark R. Chapman, Line Drube, and Patrick Michel. 2015. “Asteroid Impacts and Modern
Civilization: Can We Prevent a Catastrophe?” In Asteroids IV 835–854. Tucson: University of Arizona.

Hedge, Arkal Vittal. 2010. “Coastal erosion and mitigation methods—Global state of art.” Indian Journal of Geo-Marine
Sciences 39(4): 521–530.

Iuchi, Kanako, Yasuhito Jibiki, Renato Solidum, and Ramon Santiago. 2019. “Natural Hazards Governance in the
Philippines.” Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Natural Hazard Science. January 25, 2019.
https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780199389407.013.233.
14
REFERENCES
Kaiho, Kunio, Yoshimichi Kajiwara, Takanori Nakano, Yasunori Miura, Hodaka Kawahata, Kazue Tazaki, Masato
Ueshima, et al. 2001. “End-Permian catastrophe by bolide impact: Evidence of a gigantic release of sulfur from
the mantle.” Geology 29(9): 815–818.

Lagmay, Alfredo Mahar. 2011. “Large areas of Metro Manila sinking.” Inquirer.net. September 21, 2011.
https://opinion.inquirer.net/12757/large-areas-of-metro-manila-sinking#ixzz7w86pqldd.

Landslide Technology. n.d. “Landslide Projects.” Accessed April 2, 2018.

http://www.landslidetechnology.com/landslides.html.

15