X-Rays

What are X-Rays ?

X-rays are a type of high-energy electromagnetic radiation that can pass through many materials,
including human tissue. They have much shorter wavelengths and higher frequencies than visible light. X-
rays are widely used in medical imaging to view the inside of the body, such as in X-ray radiographs and
CT scans, to diagnose conditions like fractures and tumors. They are also used in security scanners at
airports and in industrial applications to inspect materials without causing damage.
 X-ray radiation exposure is generally
low. A chest X-ray gives about 0.1
What level of radiation are millisieverts (mSv), a dental X-ray
we exposed to with each x- 0.005 mSv, and a CT scan of the
ray? abdomen and pelvis about 10 mSv.
By comparison, we get around 3 mSv
of natural background radiation each
year.
What type of radiation is involved in X-Rays ?

X-rays involve ionizing radiation, which is a type

of electromagnetic radiation. This radiation has
enough energy to remove tightly bound electrons
from atoms, creating ions. This high-energy
radiation allows X-rays to penetrate various
materials, including human tissues, making them
useful for medical imaging and other applications.
How are they used for medical purposes?

X-rays are used in medicine primarily for diagnostic imaging

and treatment. They create images of the body's interior, such as
bones and organs, to detect fractures, infections, and tumors
through radiography, CT scans, and mammography.
Additionally, X-rays are used in fluoroscopy for real-time
imaging during procedures and in radiation therapy to treat
cancer by targeting and destroying cancerous cells.
 How are X-Rays used at airports ?

At airports, X-rays are used in security scanners to inspect luggage

and carry-on items. These scanners create detailed images that
allow security personnel to detect prohibited items such as
weapons, explosives, and other contraband. The X-ray machines
can see through bags and reveal the contents without opening
them, ensuring efficient and effective security screening.
How are they used on famous artworks ?

Radiation is used on famous artworks for analysis and

conservation purposes. Techniques like X-ray radiography
uncover hidden layers and details within paintings, providing
insights into the artist's techniques and alterations over time.
X-ray fluorescence identifies elemental compositions of
pigments, aiding in authentication and dating. Infrared
reflectography reveals underdrawings and changes not visible
to the naked eye. These non-destructive methods help
conservators understand and preserve artworks while
maintaining their cultural and historical integrity.