Objective Structured

Practical
Examination (OSPE)

Department of
Anatomy Government
MedicalCollege, Siddipet.
07/05/2024
 QUESTIONS
1. What does the red arrow indicate?
2. Which cranial nerve is involved?
3. What is the first sign of
this condition?
4. What happens due to compression
of crus cerebri?
5. What is Cushing’s triad?

ANSWERS:
1. Uncal herniation
2. 3rd oculomotor nerve
3. Loss of accommodation
4. Hemiparesis.
5. Hypertension, bradycardia and
irregular respiration or apnea

07/05/2024
 QUESTIONS
1. What is the area injured here?
2. What bones are involved in
the formation?
3. What is the structure
runs underneath?
4. What is the effect of the
injury
5. Name the foramen the
structure passes through.
ANSWERS:
1. Pterion
2. Frontal, temporal, parietal
and sphenoid.
3. Frontal branch of
middle meningeal artery
4. Epidural haematoma
07/05/2024 5. Foramen spinosum
 QUESTIONS
1. What is this clinical condition?
2. What is the other name
for this?
3. What is the etiology?
4. Are these swellings mobile?
Why?
5. What is a pilosebaceous
unit?

ANSWERS:
1. Sebaceous cysts
2. Wens
3. If the gland or the duct is
blocked due to trauma to
that area.
4. Yes
5. Hair, hair follicle, arrector
pilorum muscle, and sebaceous
gland is an epidermal
07/05/2024 invagination called
pilosebaceous cyst.
 QUESTIONS
1. What is this clinical condition?
2. Clinical features are
3. Position of the eye is .
4 . Peripheral parasympathetic ganglion
associated here is
5. Nucleus associated with GVE fibres

ANSWERS:
1. Oculomotor nerve palsy
2. Loss of accommodation,
Extorsion, depression,
ptosis, mydriasis
3. Down and Out.
4. Ciliary ganglion.
5. Edinger westphal nucleus

07/05/2024
 QUESTIONS
1.Name the clinical condition.
2.Where and why is the swelling present
here?
3.Nerve supply of Sternocleidomastod
muscle is .
4. Name symptoms of this condition
5.Name 2 Nerves related to
sternocleidomastod in posterior
triangle
ANSWERS:
1. Bezold’s abscess
2.Deep to posterior border of
sternicleidomastod. tracking of pus
from mastoid process due to
mastoiditis.
3. Spinal Accessory nerve
4.Pain in premastoid region, dysphagia,
nuchal rigidity, fever
5.Supraclavicular, great auricular,
07/05/2024
lesser occipital.
 QUESTIONS
1. What is the clinical condition?
2. What is the other name for this syndrome?
3. What are the nerves involved here?
4. Which peripheral parasympathetic ganglion supplies parotid gland?
5. What are the clinical signs and symptoms?
ANSWERS:
6. Frey’s syndrome
7. Baillarger’s syndrome
8. Aberrant reinnervation of postganglionic parasympathetic fibres to nearby denervated
sweat glands and cutaneous blood vessels after parodidectomy.
9. Otic ganglion
10. Sweating and flushing in pre-auricular area in response to mastication or salivary stimulus.

07/05/2024
 QUESTIO
NS
1. What is the clinical condition?
2. What are the glands affected?
3. Is it a contagious disease?
4. What are the complications of of this
condition?
5. Signs and symptoms are

ANSWERS:
1. Mumps
2. Parotid gland.
3. Yes
4. Orchitis, pancreatitis, meningitis,
encephalitis
5. Dysphagia, difficulty in
chewing.

07/05/2024
 QUESTION
S

1. What is the clinical condition shown?

2. Name few causes of this palsy.
3. Name the clinical signs ?
4. Tongue muscles are derived from
.
5. Where is the hypoglossal nerve nucleus
situated?

ANSWERS:
6. Unilateral hypoglossal nerve palsy
7. Intracranial space occupying lesions ,
trauma, stroke
8. Deviation of the tongue to the affected side
and atrophy of the muscles
9. Occipital myotomes
10. Medulla oblongata

07/05/2024
 QUESTIO
NS

1. Name the clinical condition seen.

2. What is the cause for this condition?
3. What are the clinical signs due to?
4. Name any 3 branches of subclavian
artery.
5. How is the subclavian artery related to the
recurrent laryngeal nerve?

ANSWERS:
1. Subclavian steal syndrome
2. Due to stenosis of subclavian artery there is
retrograde blood flow through the vertebral
arteries
3. Arterial insufficiency afflicting the
brain, the upper extremity.
4. Vertebral artery, thyrocervical trunk, internal
thoracic artery, Costocervical trunk, Dorsal
scapular artery
5. Right recurrent laryngeal nerve loops round the
right subclavian artery whereas the left one loops
07/05/2024
round the arch of aorta
 QUESTIONS
1. Identify the clinical condition
2. What is the etiology?
3. Describe the clinical features.
4. Name the palsy associated with this syndrome.
5. What is stellate ganglion?

ANSWERS:
6. Horner’s syndrome
7. Interruption of sympathetic fibres.
8. Ptosis, anhidrosis, miosis, facial flushing, headaches, loss of ciliospinal reflex.
9. Klumpke’s palsy.
10. Stellate ganglion is formed by the fusion of inferior cervical sympathetic ganglion and first
thoracic sympathetic ganglion.

07/05/2024
 QUESTIONS
1. What is this clinical condition?
2. What is the cause?
3. What are the signs of increased
intracranial pressure?
4. Name structures draining CSF into
dural venous sinuses.
5. Treatment

ANSWERS:
1. Hydrocephalus
2. Abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal
fluid (CSF) in the ventricles of the brain.
3. Persistent vomiting, frontal bossing,
dilated scalp veins, and sun set eye
sign.
4. Arachnoid granulations.
5. Ventriculo-peritoneal shunt.

07/05/2024
 QUESTIONS

1. What is the picture depicting?

2. Name the numbered
structures.
3. Classify the lymphoid organs
4. Site of structure at no.3 1
5. What is the embryological
remnant in no.3
ANSWERS:
1. Waldeyer’s ring 2
2. 1) adenoids 2) tubal tonsils 3) 3
platine tonsils 4) lingual
tonsils
3. Primary – thymus , bone marrow
and secondary - lymphnode, palatine
tonsil, MALT, Spleen.
4. Between palatoglossal
and palatopharyngeal
arches. 4
5. Intratonsillar cleft from
second pouch

07/05/2024
 QUESTIONS
1. What does the picture
indicate?
2. Which ganglion is
involved?
3. Location of the
ganglion.
4. What glands are stimulated in
hayfever?
5. Name the nucleus
concerned.

ANSWERS:
1. Hay fever
2. Pterygopalatine
ganglion
3. Pterygopalatine fossa.
4. Lacrimal, nasal, palatine and
pharyngeal
5. Lacrimatory and superior
07/05/2024
salivatory
 QUESTIONS
1. Name the clinical condition.
2. Position of the eye.
3. What muscle is involved?
4. Peculiarity related to
this nerve?
5. Attempt look down
results in
.
ANSWERS:
1. 4th nerve
palsy.
Up and In.
2. Superior oblique muscle
3. Only cranial nerve
4. emerging
through the dorsal aspect of brain
stem. Complete decussation
occurs with the nerve of opposite
side before emerging from the
brain stem.
5. Vertical diplopia with loss
of balance.

07/05/2024
 QUESTION
S

1. What is this clinical

condition?
2. What is the cause?
3. Is it permanent deformity?
4. Which layer id involved?
5. Mention arterial supply of the
scalp

ANSWERS:
1. Caput succedaneum
2. Interference of venous return
while passing through birth
canal.
3. No. Subsides on itself in few
days.
4. Loose connective tissue.
5. Supra trochlear,
supraorbital, superficial
temporal, posterior
auticular, occipital
arteries.
07/05/2024
 QUESTIONS

1. What is this clinical condition?

2. What is the extent of the swelling?
3. What is the cause?
4. Which skull bone is commonly
related?
5. Name the parts of a flat bone.

• ANSWERS:
• 1.

Cephalohydrocele/ cephalohematoma.
2. Restrict to the skull bones
3. Fracture of the skull results in intracranial hemorrhage
which enters the subaponeurotic space through the
fracture lineduring forceps delivery.
07/05/2024 4. Parietal.
 QUESTIONS

1. Name the clinical condition .

2. Location of the
structure involved.
3. Embryological origin of
the structure
4. Mention the arterial supply of
the structure.
5. Mention its
embryological remnant

ANSWERS:
1. Tonsillitis
2. Between palatoglossal
and palatopharyngeal
arches.
3. 2nd pharyngeal pouch
4. Tonsillar branches from facial artery,
lingual artery, ascending
pharyngeal
5. Intra-tonsillar cleft.

07/05/2024
 QUESTIONS
1. What is the clinical condition?
2. What are the signs
and symptoms?
3. Is it familial?
4. Etiology?
5. What are the hormones
secreted by the gland?
ANSWERS:

1. Thyrotoxicosis
2. Goitre, exosphthalmos,
weightloss,
nervousness.
3. Yes , majority of the patients
have a family history.
4. Graves disease, Thyroiditis
5. T3, T4, calcotonin

07/05/2024
 QUESTIONS
1. What is the
clinical condition?
2. Clinical features of
this condition are
3. Where from the
thyroid gland
develops?
4. Parafollicular cells
develop from.
5. Mention the parts of
thyroid gland.

ANSWER
1. Hypothyroidism
showing goitre
2. Dry skin, hoarse voice,
dry and coarse hair, puffy
face etc.
3. Thyroglossal duct
4. Ultimobranchial body
5. Two lateral lobes
connected by isthmus.
07/05/2024
 QUESTIONS
a. Identify the marked area in the
picture?
b. When does it close?
c. What do you suspect in
delayed
closure?
d. What does it indicate the
bulging
& depression of marked area?
e. Which dural venous sinus
and ventricle can be
approached
through that area?

ANSWER
a. Bulging
d. Anterior fontanelle
– raised intracranial
b. pressure1 ½ - 2 years
c.Vitamin –D
Depression – dehydration
deficiency
e. Superior Sagittal sinus
07/05/2024 Lateral ventricle
 QUESTIONS
a. Identify the condition?
b. Name the nerve
involved in it?
c. Mention the type of
lesion?
d. Mention its features?
e. What is the cause of
Ramsay hunt
syndrome?
Bell’s palsy
ANSWER
a.
b.Facial nerve
c.LMN (lower motor neuron) type of lesion d.
1.
2. Absence of wrinkles in the fore head
3. Inability to close the eye tightly
on the paralyzed side
4. Absence of nasolabial fold
5. Drooling of saliva & collection of food
Inability of hold the air in the mouth cavity.

e. It is due to involvement of geniculate ganglion of facial nerve in the Herpes Zoster

07/05/2024 Infection.
 QUESTIONS
a. Identify the symptom shown in the picture?
b. From which area of the nasal septum this
bleeding occurs?
c. Name the arteries anastomosing at this
site?
d. What is the clinical term for the
anastomosis at this site?
e. Mention the commonest cause for this
symptom in children & adult?

ANSWER
a. Epistaxis
b. Antero inferior part of nasal septum /
Little’s area.
c. Ethmoidal, palatine and septal
arteries
d.Kiesselbachs’s
In children plexus.
- nose picking
e. In adult – hypertension

07/05/2024
 QUESTIONS
a. Identify the defect shown in the marked area of the
picture?
b. Name the structures forming the septum?
c. Mention the blood supply & nerve supply of the
septum?
d. What are the symptoms of the above condition in
severe
cases?
e. What is the surgical intervention?
ANSWER

a. Deviated nasal septum

f. (i) perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone
(ii) vomer
c. Blood supply Nerve supply
(iii) septal cartilage
- ethmoidal arteries - Anterior ethmoidal
-Sphenopalatine artery nerve
-Greater palatine artery - Nasopalatine nerve
- Superior palatine artery
d. Difficulty in breathing, sinusitis, headache, excessive snoring.
e. Corrected by sub mucous resection (SMR) or Septoplasty.
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 QUESTIONS

a. Identify the gland related to the marked area?

b. Where does its duct open?
c. Which nerve may be injured during its surgical
procedure?
d. Mention any two conditions related to this
gland?
e. What is the importance of Patey’s
faciovenous
plane?

ANSWER
a. Parotid
gland
b. Vestibule of the mouth opposite to the upper
second molar tooth.
c. Facial nerve
d. Parotiditis, parotid abscess, mumps, parotid
tumours , Frey’s syndrome
e. Patey’s faciovenous plane helps the surgeon
to
07/05/2024 remove the parotid tumor without damaging the
facial nerve.
 QUESTIONS
a. Identify the condition?
b. Mention its alternate nomenclature?
c. Which layer of the scalp injury lead to this?
d. What is the special name given to that
layer?
e. Mention the attachment of frontal belly of
occipitofrontal.

ANSWER
a. Black eye
b. Periorbital Echymosis
c. Loose areolar tissue layer
d. Dangerous layer of scalp
e. No bony attachment, attached with skin & fascia
of forehead

07/05/2024
 QUESTIONS
a. Identify the eye defect shown in the
marked side?
b. Paralysis of which muscle leads to this
condition?
c. Name the extra ocular muscles?
d. What is their nerve supply?
e. What is the origin and insertion of the
involved muscle(s)
ANSWER
a. Lateral squint / lateral
strabismus
b. Medial rectus
c. Four recti muscles and Two
oblique
muscles
d. All are supplied by oculomotor nerve
(3rd nerve) Except Lateral rectus (6th
nerve) & Superior oblique (4th
nerve)
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e. Origin – common
posterior tendinous ring
to the limbus(cornea-
scleraljunction)
Insertion – into the sclera, 5mm
 QUESTIONS
a. Identify the defect in the marked eye?
b. Which muscle paralysis leads to this?
c. What is the nerve supply of the
paralyzed muscle?
d. Name the muscle responsible
for closure
& opening of eye lids?
e. What is the location of the nucleus of
the involved nerve?

ANSWER
a. Medial squint / strabismus
f. Lateral rectus
g. Abducent nerve (6th cranial nerve)
h. Closure of eyelid – Orbicularis occuli
Opening of eyelid – Levator
palpebrae superiors
e. Caudal part of the pons, medial to
07/05/2024 sulcus limitans.
 QUESTIONS
a. Identify the condition shown in the picture?
b. How do you confirm it?
c. How does it develop?
d. What other condition closely related to it?
e. How do you differentiate it from branchial cyst?

ANSWER
a. Thyroglossal cyst
b. Location(mid line swelling) & Moves with
deglutition
c. Non obliteration of thyroglossal duct
d. Thyroglossal fistula
e. Branchial cyst is a lateral swelling related
to the
anterior border of sternocleidomastoid
muscle.

07/05/2024
 QUESTIONS ANSWER
a. Identify the position of the vocal cords in the a. Adduction and Abduction of
Picture 1 & 2 ?
vocal cords
b. Which membrane of larynx forms the vocal
b. Cricovocal membrane
cord?
c. Posterior cricoarytenoid muscle
c. Which muscle produces abduction of vocal
d. Vocal cord palsy, Singer’s nodule
cord?
e. Fissure between the vocal cords
d. Name any two conditions related to the
vocal
cord?
e. What is Rima glottidis?

1 2

07/05/2024
 QUESTIONS
a.Identify the marked area in the picture ?
b.Mention it complications? c.
Which vessel damage to
leads condition ? this
d. Name the meningeal
spaces?
Whate. are the contents of spinal
the epidural space?

ANSWER
a. Extra dural
hematoma
b. Middle meningeal vessels and
c. subarachnoid spaces
Extradural,
d. Vertebral venous plexus & Pad of
subdural
fat
e. Compression & lesion of
the underlying area
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 QUESTIONS
a. Identify the anomaly in the picture?
b. Name the processes forming the upper lip?
c. What will be the associated defect with this
condition?
d. Mention the complication of this
condition?
e. What is the treatment?

ANSWER
a. Cleft upper lip
b. Maxillary process & fronto nasal process
c. Cleft plate
d. Difficulty in deglutition & speech
e. Surgical correction

07/05/2024
 QUESTIONS ANSWER
a. Identify the picture? a. Meningocele
b. What does it contain? b. C.S.F
c. Mention the vertebral defect associated with it?
c. Spina bifida
d. Name the other condition related to it?
e. Mention its complications? d. Meningomyelocele
e. Injuries to meninges and spinal cord

07/05/2024
 QUESTIONS
a. Identify the anomaly shown the picture?
b. How does it occur?
c. Mention its features?
d. How do you diagnose antenatally?
e. How do you prevent it?

ANSWER
a. Anencephaly / exencephaly
b. Non closure of anterior neuropore
c. Absence of cranial vault
Exposed & malformed brain
Absence of swallowing
reflex
d. Hydramnios & Estimation of
alpha fetoprotein
e. Antenatal administration of
07/05/2024 folic acid tablets
 QUESTIONS
a. Identify the condition shown in the picture?
b. Mention its chromosomal anomaly?
c. What is the predisposing factor?
d. Mention its features?
e. What are the prenatal diagnostic tests?

ANSWER
f. DOWN’S SYNDROME
g. 47 chromosomes ( Trisomy 21)
h. Non - disjunction of 21st pair of chromosome
i. Mental retardation
 Short stature
 Constantly open mouth with protruded tongue
 Simian crease
 Cardiac defects (V.S.D)
e. Amniocentesis
Chorionic villus
biopsy
07/05/2024
non-invasive prenatal