FOUR-

SQUARE
CIPHER
Sibgha Saleem UET-02
Shanza Arooj UET-37
Arooba Masood UET-52
 Introduction 01 03 Algorithm

Security Analysis 02 04 Implementation

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INTRODUCTION

● The four-square cipher is a

modified version of the Playfair
cipher.
● It incorporates components of
Playfair cipher and the
Polyalphabetic cipher to create a
more complex encryption
algorithm.
● There are four 5*5 grids
involved.

3
 The algorithm of the four-
square cipher provides better
security than the Playfair
cipher and the two-square
cipher.
SECURITY

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 ALGORITHM ENCYPTION
1 2
There are four Grids and two
Keys. Top-Left and Bottom-
Right contain letters in
the alphabetical order. In
Top-Right first fill secret
key1 then all the other
alphabets. Bottom-Left with
secret key2.
The whole plaintext should
be split into pairs. Each pair
should consist of two
consecutive letters. If
required, a rare letter Q
should be appended to
the original text.
3
Find the first letter of each pair in the
upper left table and the second letter
in the lower right table. Then, create a
rectangle that covers over four tables.
The letters are encrypted by replacing
them by another two letters, that are
pointed by two other corners of the
rectangle.
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 ALGORITHM DECRYPTION
1 2
There are four Grids and two
Keys. Top-Left and Bottom-
Right contain letters in
the alphabetical order. In
Top-Right first fill secret
key1 then all the other
alphabets. Bottom-Left with
secret key2.
The whole plaintext should
be split into pairs. Each pair
should consist of two
consecutive letters.
3
Find the first letter of each pair in the
upper left table and the second letter
in the lower right table. Then, create a
rectangle that covers over four tables.
The letters are encrypted by replacing
them by another two letters, that are
pointed by two other corners of the
rectangle.
6
EXAMPLE

● Key1: Titus Flavius Sabinus

● Key2: Vespasia Polla

● Plain Text: HELLO

● Pairs: HE LL OQ

● CipherText: NS CD CR

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IMPLEMENTATION

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REFRENCE

http://www.crypto-it.net/eng/
simple/four-square.html

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THANK YOU