Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Complexo 1
Complexo 1
Complexo 1
(PHC 103)
Complex formation
Titrations
1
Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry II (PHC 103)
2
3
Schedule of Practical Analytical Chemistry II (PHC 103) Clinical
28/4/2024 Revision
11
• What is a complex
• Complex formation
• Co-ordination number
• Types of complexing agents
• Factors affecting stability of
complexes
Definition
A Complex is a weakly ionizable stable
compound, formed by the reaction of a metal ion
Analytical Chemistry
Complex
Example
Complex formation
H]
M n+ + [H O M.(H2O)x
Analytical Chemistry
..
aquo-complex
+
Usually double valency of Mn
Types of complexing agents
1- Unidentate ligands
-
NH3, H2O, halides, CN
Analytical Chemistry
2+
NH3
..
..
NH3
2- Polydentate ligands (Chelating agents)
Analytical Chemistry
H2N: :NH 2
H2C CH2
H2N-CH2-CH2-NH 2 + Cu2+ H2C .. Cu
.. CH2
NH2 H2N
• 8-hydroxyquinoline
Analytical Chemistry
2 + Mg2+ + 2H+
N N
OH :O:
Mg
• 1,10-O-phenanthrolene:
Analytical Chemistry
2+
N N
+ Fe2+ Fe
N N
3
b) Tridentate ligand.
H2C CH2
H2N-CH NH2
.. 2-CH2-NH-CH
.. 2-CH2-NH
.. 2 NH
NH2
H2C CH2
c) Tetradentate ligand
Analytical Chemistry
H2C CH2
NH2 NH CH2
NH2 NH CH2
H2C CH2
chelates are more stable than complexes
formed by unidentate ligands, due to the
Analytical Chemistry
4- The pH value.
1- Ability of central metal ion to form complex.
Q Charge
Intensity of + ve charge on Mn+ F radius
m
Mn+ of small radius and high + ve charge has high ability to
form stable complex.
2- Ability of ligand to form complex.
- OH Phenolic - OH
b- Size of ligand
Analytical Chemistry
CH3 H3C
H2N - CH2 - CH2 - NH2
N CH2 CH2 N
Ethylene diamine H3C
Form more stable complexes CH3
HOOC.H 2C CH2COOH
Analytical Chemistry
N CH2 CH2 N
HOOC.H 2C CH2COOH
hydrogen.
2- EDTA is not selective reagent
3- The reaction between EDTA and Mn+ is according to M.wt.,
therefore EDTA is used as molar standard.
4- Formation or dissociation of the formed complexes is
affected by pH.
The reversibility of the reaction can be prevented by addition of
buffer or alkali to shift the reaction forward and hence stability of
chelate is increased.
Stability and stability constant of complex
[My (n 4 ) ][H ]2
K eq
[Mn ][H2 Y 2 ]
(n 4 )
[My ]
K st.
[Mn ][H2 Y 2 ]