Subject: Science

Topic: Endocrine System

Grade: X

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 There are so many activities going on in human body.
These activities in our body are highly complex and they need to be
regulated so that every activity takes place at a proper time and in a correct
sequence.
For example, the gastric juice, bile and pancreatic juice should be poured
into the food canal only when there is food in it.

Digestion Circulation Respiration

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4
 Though this kind of regulation is
done to some extent by the Nervous
System,

it is also brought about by

“chemical regulators” called
Hormones.

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 What is the difference
between
Nervous control
And
Hormonal control ???

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 Differences between Hormonal Control and Nervous Control

HORMONAL CONTROL NERVOUS CONTROL

Usually slow. Immediate / Rapid.

Transmitted chemically through blood. Transmitted electro-chemically through

the nerve fibers and chemically across
synapses.

Affects different organs (widespread in Affects only the particular muscles or the
body). gland (local).

Effect is short term or long-lasting. Effect only short-lived.

Can affect growth. Cannot affect growth.

Can bring about specific chemical Does not influence chemical changes and
changes and regulate metabolism. On the basis of regulate metabolism.
cannot
general
On the nature
basis ofof
changes
speed
transmission
Cannot be modified by learning from ofbrought
action
Can be modified to some extent by
previous experience. about learning from previous experience.

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 Endocrine Glands -
“The Producers Of Chemical
Messengers”
• Properties of Hormones

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 What are Hormones?

Hormones are secretions

from specific cells or
glands in the body, and
are carried to all parts of
the body by blood, but
their effect is produced in
one or more specific parts
(target organ or cells) only.

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 Most hormones are secreted by special
glands called the Endocrine Glands.
They are also called as ductless glands because their
endothe
secretions are poured directly into blood and not
: inside
through any special duct. crine : separate
Certain hormones are also produced from some such
glands or body parts which otherwise have a different
primary function, for example, the stomach

and duodenum

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 Endocrine System

Endocrine system consists of several glands which bring about the overall
common function of chemical coordination in the body.
Almost all endocrine glands act in a coordinated manner.
They activate each other and work as a system called Endocrine system.
Pituitary glands

Thyroid gland

Adrenal gland

Pancreas

Ovary

Testis

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 General Properties of Hormones :

Hormones are secreted from their source directly into the blood.
They regulate the physiological processes by chemical means. They affect
the enzyme systems of the body.
They act on target organs or cells usually away from their source.
Hormones produced in one species usually show similar influence in other
species.
They are produced in very small
quantities and biologically very active.
For example, adrenaline is active even
in a concentration of 1 part in
300,000,000 parts.

Endocrine gland Target cell

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 Chemically:

Some hormones are Peptides which are water soluble. e.g. insulin.
Some hormones are Amines (derived from amino acids) E.g. adrenaline.
Some hormones are Steroids (derived from cholesterol) which are lipid-
soluble E.g. testosterone.
Their excess (hypersecretion/oversecretion)
or deficiency (hyposecretion/undersecretion)
may lead to serious consequences
Hormones are not stored in the body and
are excreted from the system.

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14
 Endocrine System
The following glands make up the endocrine system:
•Hypothalamus
•Pituitary Gland
•Pineal Gland
•Thymus
•Thyroid Glands
•Parathyroid Glands
•Adrenal Glands
•Pancreas
•Ovaries (in females)
•Testes (in males)

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