Subject: Science

Topic: Endocrine System

Grade: X

IC/X/1920 Endocrine System 1 Of 24

 Endocrine Glands -
“The Producers Of Chemical
Messengers”
• Pituitary Gland

IC/X/1920 Endocrine System 2 Of 24

 Pituitary Gland

Location

It is a small projection which hangs from

the base of the mid-brain below the
It weighs
Aboutonly
the size
about
hypothalamus. one-half
of a pea
gram.

It is located below the

thalamus of the mid-brain

Anterior Posterior
Lobe Lobe

Structure

Pituitary gland has two distinct lobes –

The Anterior pituitary and
The Posterior pituitary.
Also known as
Adenohypophysis
Also known as
Neurohypophysis

IC/X/1920 Endocrine System 3 Of 24

 Pituitary Gland
Hypothalamus

Hypophysial
satalk

Intermediate
lobe
Anterior Posterior
Lobe Lobe

Structure

The front part of the posterior pituitary is different from

the rest of the lobe and is called the intermediate lobe.
The intermediate lobe is almost absent in humans but
much larger and more functional in some lower animals.

IC/X/1920 Endocrine System 4 Of 24

 Pituitary Gland

Pituitary Gland
is known as
“Master Gland”

As it seems to control practically

all other endocrine glands.

The hormones secreted by

Pituitary stimulate other
endocrine glands to secrete their
respective hormones

IC/X/1920 Endocrine System 5 Of 24

 Endocrine Glands -
“The Producers Of Chemical
Messengers”
• Hormones secreted by Anterior
Pituitary

IC/X/1920 Endocrine System 6 Of 24

 Now let us study the
hormones secreted by
Anterior Pituitary
(Adenohypophysis)

IC/X/1920 Endocrine System 7 Of 24

 Hormones secreted by Anterior Pituitary

Abbreviated as GH
Growth Hormones Tropic Hormones

Growth hormone is essential for normal growth.

It is also called Somatotropin.

Somatic – Body Thus, these hormones

Tropic - Stimulating stimulate growth of
the body cells

IC/X/1920 Endocrine System 8 Of 24

 Hormones secreted by Anterior Pituitary

Growth Hormones Tropic Hormones

What happens due

to deficiency of
Growth Hormones

IC/X/1920 Endocrine System 9 Of 24

 Hormones secreted by Anterior Pituitary

Growth Hormones Tropic Hormones

A dwarf, though fully
developed, retains
body proportions of a child.
Deficienc
y The long bones lengthen beyond
In childhood What
- happens due to
Dwarfism
normal and human giants upto
Excess ofare
2.7 metres Growth
produced.
Exces Hormones
s
In childhood - Gigantism

In adult - Acromegaly

IC/X/1920 Endocrine System 10 Of 24

 Hormones secreted by Anterior Pituitary

Growth Hormones Tropic Hormones

What is Acromegaly???
Acro – height/extremity
Acromegaly is a condition caused
Megalydue to over
- large
secretion of GH suddenly in an adult.
There is an extra growth of bones in the face
(particularly the jaws) and in the hands and feet.
The person develops a large nose and thick lips.

IC/X/1920 Endocrine System 11 Of 24

 Hormones secreted by Anterior Pituitary

Growth Hormones Tropic Hormones

The term tropic hormones refers to such

hormones which stimulate other
endocrine glands to produce their
So, Whatspecific
are Tropic
the different hormones.
Tropic Hormones???
Hormones are…

IC/X/1920 Endocrine System 12 Of 24

 Hormones secreted by Anterior Pituitary

Growth Hormones Tropic Hormones

Abbreviated as
Thyroid Stimulating
TSH
Hormone
It stimulates thyroid to secrete
thyroxine.

IC/X/1920 Endocrine System 13 Of 24

 Hormones secreted by Anterior Pituitary

Growth Hormones Tropic Hormones

Abbreviated as
Adrenocorticotropic
ACTH
Hormone
It regulates the activity of
adrenal cortex.

IC/X/1920 Endocrine System 14 Of 24

 Hormones secreted by Anterior Pituitary

Growth Hormones Tropic Hormones

Also known as Gonad Gonadotropic

Stimulating Hormone Hormone
It regulates the activities of
Gonads- Testes and Ovaries.

These are mainly of four

types :

IC/X/1920 Endocrine System 15 Of 24

 Hormones secreted by Anterior Pituitary

Growth Hormones Tropic Hormones

It stimulates egg-
formation in females and
Gonadotropic
sperm formation in males Hormone
1. Follicle-Stimulating Hormone
Abbreviated as FSH

IC/X/1920 Endocrine System 16 Of 24

 Hormones secreted by Anterior Pituitary

Growth Hormones Tropic Hormones

Gonadotropic
Hormone
1. Follicle-Stimulating Hormone
2. Luteinizing Hormone
Abbreviated as LH
Stimulates formation of
corpus luteum to produce the
Corpus
luteum female hormone progesterone.

IC/X/1920 Endocrine System 17 Of 24

 Hormones secreted by Anterior Pituitary

Growth Hormones Tropic Hormones

Gonadotropic
Hormone
1. Follicle-Stimulating Hormone
2. Luteinizing Hormone
3. Interstitial Cell Stimulating
Abbreviated as ICSH Hormone

Stimulates the interstitial cells

in the testes to produce the male
hormone testosterone.

IC/X/1920 Endocrine System 18 Of 24

 Hormones secreted by Anterior Pituitary

Growth Hormones Tropic Hormones

Gonadotropic
Hormone
1. Follicle-Stimulating Hormone
2. Luteinizing Hormone
3. Interstitial Cell Stimulating
Hormone
Stimulates
4. Prolactin milk
secretion.

IC/X/1920 Endocrine System 19 Of 24

 Endocrine Glands -
“The Producers Of Chemical
Messengers”
• Hormones secreted by Posterior
Pituitary

IC/X/1920 Endocrine System 20 Of 24

 Now let us study the
hormones secreted by
Posterior Pituitary
(Neurohypophysis)

IC/X/1920 Endocrine System 21 Of 24

 Hormones secreted by Posterior Pituitary

Anti-Diuretic Hormone Oxytocin

Abbreviated as
It constrictsAlso
blood vessels
known as with rise in blood
ADH
pressure. Vasopressin
It also acts on the kidney increasing
reabsorption of water from the kidney tubules.

IC/X/1920 Endocrine System 22 Of 24

 Hormones secreted by Posterior Pituitary

Anti-Diuretic Hormone Oxytocin

Deficiency of ADH causes Diabetes insipidus.

Insipid – tasteless
Symptoms of Diabetes insipidus “There is no sugar in urine”

• Frequent and copious urination

resulting in loss of water from the body.
Abundant
• Extreme thirst.

IC/X/1920 Endocrine System 23 Of 24

 Hormones secreted by Posterior Pituitary

Anti-Diuretic Hormone Oxytocin

It stimulates vigorous contractions

of the uterus in a pregnant mother,
leading to child birth.

It also stimulates milk ejection.

IC/X/1920 Endocrine System 24 Of 24