PHOTO-

ELECTRIC
EFFECT
Presented by:

M.QASIM BUTT
(UV-23-MET-BS-017)
  INTRODUCTION:

• . Composite materials are enhanced and tailored properties by combining two or

more constituent materials with distinct physical or chemical characteristics.

• Components, known as the matrix and the reinforcement, work together to create
a material with unique properties that address specific engineering requirements
 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION

Matrix Material:
Common matrix materials include polymers (polymer
matrix composites or PMCs), metals (metal matrix
composites or MMCs), and ceramics (ceramic matrix
composites or CMCs).
Reinforcement Material:
Common reinforcement materials include fibers (e.g.,
carbon, glass, and aramid), particles, and flakes.
COMPOSITION OF COMPOSITE
 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

• Strength: Composites often exhibit high strength-to-weight ratios

compared to traditional materials.
• Stiffness: Makes them suitable for rigidity and structural integrity.
• Density: Density lower than traditional materials contributing in
light weight structures.
• Fatigue: Makes them suitable where cyclic loading is involved.
• Impact Resistance: Enhanced impact resistance compared to
individual components.
• Thermal Properties: Composites can have tailored thermal
properties, COMPOSITION OF COMPOSITE
  Types of composites material:

1. Fiber-Reinforced Composites:

A) Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP):Used in aerospace,

automotive due to its high strength-to-weight ratio.

B) Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP): Commonly used in

construction, marine applications due to its strength and corrosion
resistance.
  Types of composites material:

2. Polymer Matrix Composites (PMCs):

• Epoxy Composites: Used in aerospace, automotive for their
high strength, durability, and adhesive properties.

3. Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs):

• Aluminum Matrix Composites (AMCs): Used in aerospace,
automotive, and electronic applications for their improved
strength, stiffness, and thermal conductivity compared to
pure aluminum.
Metal Matrix Composites(MMCs)
 Types of composites material:

4. Ceramic Matrix Composites (CMCs):

• Silicon Carbide Reinforced Silicon Carbide (SiC/SiC): Applied in aerospace,
energy, and high-temperature applications due to their exceptional strength
and resistance to heat.i.e; hybrid composites like
  USES:

• Insulation for metallic aircraft due to lightweight, high

strength-to-weight ratio, corrosion resistance, and thermal
insulating capabilities. Here’s utilization as insulator in
metallic aircraft
1. Structural Insulation 5. Fire Resistance
2. Thermal Insulation
3. Acoustic Insulation
4. Electrical Insulation
 COMPARISON BY MEANS OF METALLIC
USAGE IN AEROSPACE INDUSTRIES
Composite materials offer several advantages over traditional metals in the
aerospace industry. Some key properties of composites as compared to other
metals in aerospace:

• High Strength-to-Weight Ratio: • Thermal Insulation:

• Corrosion Resistance: • Low Thermal Expansion:
• Design Flexibility: • Reduced Maintenance:
• Fatigue Resistance: • Cost-Efficiency in Manufacturing:
• Electromagnetic Transparency: • Environmental Impact:
ASSESEMT ON THE BASIS OF PROPERTIES OF
COMPOSITE’S CONSTITUENT IN AIRCRAFTS
Main Components/ Constituents Of
Reinforcement Composites
Matrix Material
Material (Fiber, (Polymer, Metal or
Fabric Or Particles) Ceramic)
 ASSESEMT ON THE BASIS OF PROPERTIES OF
COMPOSITE’S CONSTITUENT IN AIRCRAFTS
Fiber Reinforcements
A) Carbon Fiber Composites:
Chemical Composition: Primarily composed of carbon atoms.
Mechanical Properties: High tensile strength, stiffness, and low weight.
Aircraft Application: Used in structural components, such as wings and fuselage sections.
B) Glass Fiber Composites:
Chemical Composition: Mostly composed of silica (glass) fibers.
Mechanical Properties: Moderate strength and stiffness, lower cost compared to carbon fiber.
Aircraft Application: Commonly used in non-structural components and for less demanding structural
applications.
C) Aramid Fiber Composites (e.g., Kevlar):
Chemical Composition: Aromatic polyamide, a type of polymer.
Mechanical Properties: High strength, impact resistance, and flexibility.
Aircraft Application: Used in areas requiring impact resistance, such as protective layers.
 ASSESEMT ON THE BASIS OF PROPERTIES OF
COMPOSITE’S CONSTITUENT IN AIRCRAFTS
Matrix Materials
A) Epoxy Resin:
Chemical Composition: Thermosetting polymer with epoxy groups.
Mechanical Properties: Provides a strong bond with fibers, high temperature resistance.
Aircraft Application: Widely used as a matrix material in high-performance composites.
B) Polyimide Resin:
Chemical Composition: High-temperature resistant polymer. i.e. resin.
Mechanical Properties: Excellent thermal stability and resistance.
Aircraft Application: Suitable for components exposed to high temperatures, like engine
components
 ASSESEMT ON THE BASIS OF PROPERTIES OF
COMPOSITE’S CONSTITUENT IN AIRCRAFTS
Composite Structures
A) Fiber Orientation:
Aircraft Application: The orientation of fibers is crucial for optimizing strength and stiffness in
specific directions.
B) Laminates and Sandwich Structures:
Aircraft Application: Laminates are layers of fibers and matrix, and sandwich structures consist
of a core material between two face sheets. These designs enhance strength while minimizing
weight.

Manufacturing Processes
A) Autoclave Cure:
Aircraft Application: Common for high-performance composites, ensures uniform curing and
high-quality parts.
B) Resin Transfer Molding (RTM):
Aircraft Application: Suitable for large and complex structures, such as wing components.
 ONE OF THE PREVAILING TYPE OF
COMPOSITE MATERIAL
SELF-HEALING ABLATIVES
A self-healing ablative material is designed to repair and regenerate itself after
experiencing damage or wear. particularly valuable in applications where durability and
longevity are critical, such as aerospace components, automotive parts, and various
industrial equipment.

Let's break down the components of a self-healing ablative material:

• Ablative Matrix:
• Microcapsules or Nanoparticles: Human bones are also
• Healing Agent: remarkable natural
• Trigger Mechanism:
• Polymerization or Cross-Linking Reaction:
composites that exhibit
• Reinforcing Fibers or Fillers: properties of self-healing.
 ONE OF THE PREVAILING TYPE OF
COMPOSITE MATERIAL

Three types of
approaches, a self-
healing ablative
undergoes:

1.Physical
approaches

2.Chemical
approaches

3.Pyhsico-
Chemical
approaches
THE END
Thanks