Dreapt` perpendicular` pe plan.

Distan\e [n spa\iu.

Probleme
 Problema 1
Fie cubul ABCDA’B’C’D’ de latur` a.
Afla\i:
a) d(A’; D);
b) d(A;BB’);d(A’;CC’);d(C;AC’);d(A’;BD);
c) d(D’; (ABC)); d(A; (A’BD));
d) d(A’D’;AD); d(A’D’;BC); d(A’D; B’C);
e) d(A’B’; (DCC’));
f) d((A’AD); (B’C’C)).
1.a)

d(A’; D) = ?
 1.a)

d(A’; D) = A’D = a 2  a 2  2a 2  a 2
1.b1)

d(A; BB’) = ?
1.b1)

AB  BB’ => d(A; BB’) = AB = a

1.b2)

d(A’; CC’) = ?
 1.b2)

CC’  (A’B’C’), A’C’  (A’B’C’) => CC’  A’C’

d(A’; CC’) = A’C’

1.b2)

A’B’C’, (m<(B’) = 90o) => A’C’ = a 2

d(A’; CC’) = A’C’ = a 2

1.b3)

d(C; AC’) = ?
1.b3)

CE  AC’ => d(C; AC’) = CE

 1.b3)

CE = hACC’; ACC’ = dreptunghic

a 6
d(C; AC’) = CE = (AC . CC’)/AC’ =
3
1.b4)

d(A’; BD) = ?
1.b4)

A’O  DB => d(A’; DB) = A’O

 1.b4)

DB=A’D=A’B= a 2 => A’BD = echilateral

a 6
d(A’;BD) = A’O = hA’BD =
2
1.c1)

d(D’; (ABC)) = ?
 1.c1)

D’D  (ABC) => d(D’; (ABC)) = D’D = a

1.c2)

d(A; (A’BD)) = ?
1.c2)

AH  (A’BD) => d(A; (A’BD)) = AH

 1.c2)

AH = hA’AO; A’AO = dreptunghic

a 3
d(A; (A’BD)) = AH = (AO . AA’)/OA’ =
3
1.d1)

d(A’D’; AD) = ?
1.d1)

A’D’ AD; AA’  AD; AA’  A’D’

d(A’D’; AD) = AA’ = a

1.d2)

d(A’D’; BC) = ?
1.d2)

A’D’ BC; A’B  BC; A’B  A’D’

d(A’D’; BC) = A’B = a 2

1.d3)

d(A’D; B’C) = ?
1.d3)

A’D B’C; A’B’  A’D; A’B’  B’C

d(A’D; B’C) = A’B’ = a

1.e)

d(A’B’; (DCC’)) = ?
 1.e)

A’B’ (DCC’); B’C’  A’B’; B’C’  (DCC’)

d(A’B’; (DCC’) = B’C’ = a

1.f)

d((A’AD); (B’C’C)) = ?
 1.f)

(A’AD) (B’C’C); AB  (A’AD); AB  (B’C’C)

d(A’AD); (B’C’C)) = AB = a
 Problema 2
{n paralelipipedul dreptunghic
ABCDA’B’C’D’ cu AD = 9 cm,
AB = 5 cm, AA’ = 12 cm, s` se afle:
a) d(A’; BD);
b) d(B; DC’);
c) d(C’; B’D);
2.a)

d(A’; BD) = ?
 2.a)

A’A  (ABC); AE  BD; BD  (ABC)

A’E  BD => d(A’; BD) = A’E

 2.a)

45
BAD, m(<A) = 90o => BD = 106 ; AE =
106
17289
A’AE,m(<A)=90 =>A’E=d(A’,BD) =
o
106
2.b)

d(B; DC’) = ?
 2.b)

BC  (DCC’); CE  DC’; DC’  (DCC’)

BE  DC’ => d(B; DC’) = BE

 2.b)

60
DCC’, m(<C) = 90 => CE = 13;
o
AE =
13
17289
BCE,m(<C)=90 =>BE=d(B,DC’)) =
o
13
2.c)

d(C’; B’D) = ?
2.c)

C’E  B’D => d(C’; B’D) = C’E

 2.c)

DCC’, m(<C) = 90o => CE = 13;

B’C’D, m(<C’) = 90o => DB’ = 5 10
117
B’C’D,m(<C’)=90o=>C’E=d(C’,B’D) =
5 10
 Problema 3
{n tetraedrul regulat VABC de latur` a, s` se
afle:
a) d(V; (ABC));
b) d(B; (VAC));
c) d(M; VC), unde M este mijlocul lui AB
3.a)

d(V, (ABC)) = ?
3.a)

VO  (ABC) => d(V; (ABC)) = VO

 3.a)

a 3
ABC = echilateral => MC =
a 3 2
OC = (2/3).MC => DB’ =
3 a 6
VOC,m(<O)=90o=>VO=d(V,(ABC)) =
3
3.b)

d(B, (VAC)) = ?
3.b)

BB’  (VAC) => d(B; (VAC)) = BB’

 3.b)

VO ]i BB’ = [n`l\imi [n VBN, unde VN = BN

=> BB’ = VO
a 6
VO = d(V,(ABC)) =
3
3.c)

d(M, VC) = ?
3.c)

MN  VC => d(M; VC) = MN

 3.c)

VM ]i CM = [n`l\imi [n VAB, respectiv ABC

=> VM = CM = a 3 ;MN = [n`l\imea VMC
2 a 2
=>MN =MC -CN => MN = d(M,VC) =
2 2 2
2
 Problema 4
Fie piramida triunghiular` regulat` VABC cu AB
= 8 cm, ]i VB = 5 cm. Calcula\i:
a) d(V; (ABC));
b) d(C; VB);
c) d(M; VB), unde M este mijlocul lui AC
d) d(B; VM).
4.a)

d(V, (ABC)) = ?
4.a)

VO  (ABC) => d(V; (ABC)) = VO

 4.a)

VN ]i CN = [n`l\imi [n VAB, respectiv ABC

8 3 8 3
=>CN=  4 3 ; CO = (2/3).CN =
2 3 8 6
=>VO2=VC2-CO2 =>VO=d(V,(ABC)) =
3
4.b)

d(C, VB) = ?
4.b)

CD  VB => d(C; VB) = CD

 4.b)

VE ]i CD=[n`l\imi [n VBC=>VE.BC=CD.VB
=>VE2=VC2-EC2 => VE = 3
=>3.8 = CD.5 => CD = d(C, VB) = 24/5 = 4,8
4.c)

d(M, VB) = ?
4.c)

MN  VB => d(M; VB) = MN

 4.c)

Am constatat c` VBM
are m(<BVM) > 180o.

MN = [n`l\ime [n VBM => MN2 = BM2 - BN2

 4 3 
2 2 2 2
]i MN =VM -VN =>
2 2 2 4 x  (5  x )
1551
=> x = 7/10 => MN = d(M, VB) =
10
4.d)

d(B, VM) = ?
4.d)

BP  VM => d(B; VM) = BP

 4.d)

VBM are
m(<BVM) > 180o.

MN ]i BP=[n`l\imi [n VBM=>MN.VB=BP.VM
1551
  5  BP  4 
10
1551
=> BP = d(B, VM) =
8
 Problema 5
{n piramida patrulater` regulat` VABCD cu AB
= 5 cm, ]i VA= 13 cm. 2 Calcula\i:
a) d(V; (ABC));
b) d(A; VC);
c) d(B; VC);
d) O furnic` pleac` din D ]i merge p@n` [n B pe fe\ele
laterale ale piramidei. Afla\i lungimea drumului cel
mai scurt.
5.a)

d(V, (ABC)) = ?
5.a)

VO  (ABC) => VO = d(V,(ABC))

5.a)

VAO are m(<O) = 90, VA = 13, AO = 5

T.P. => VO = 12. => d(V, (ABC)) = 12 cm
5.b)

d(A, VC) = ?
5.b)

AE  VC => AE = d(A,VC)
 5.b)

VAC are VA=VC = 13, AC = 10, VO = 12 ]i cum

AEVC = VOAC => AE = d(A,VC) = 120/13 cm
5.c)

d(B, VC) = ?
5.c)

BF  VC => BF = d(B,VC)
 5.c)

626
VBC are VA=VC = 13, BC = 5 =>VM
2 =
2
5 313
BFVC = VMBC => BF = d(B,VC) = cm
13
5.d)

min(DF + FB) = ?
5.d)

VDBC = fe\ele VDB ]i VBC desf`]urate

5.d)

DF + FB = min => D,F,B = coliniare => DB  VC => BF =

cm =>5 BF
313
+ FD = BD = cm 10 313
13 13