Breastfeeding

PPDS Ilmu Kesehatan Anak FK-KMK UGM

L O C A L LY R O O T E D ,
ugm.ac.id
G L O B A L LY R E S P E C T E D
Health effect of breastfeeding
• Appropriate nutrition has ben shown to
promote optimal growth and
development, in particular during the first
two years of life (UNICEF 2016)
• It has been shown that breastfeeding has a
protective effect against both infectious
and non communicable disease as well as
a supporting role in cognitive
development
Protective effect
• By increasing breastfeed rates, WHO estimates almost 50% of diarrhoeal diseases
and over 30% of respiratory infections could be prevented among children in low
and middle income countries

Exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months is a desirable goal, however partial

breastfeeding has also been shown to have beneficial effects
Compositional changes during lactation
• Human milk changes continuously within and between feeds, as well as over time,
based on an infant’s needs
Maternal nutrition in lactation
• A well balanced diet after delivery
should include plenty of fruit and
vegetables, whole-grain breads and
cereals, calcium-rich dairy products
and protein rich foods
• Supplementation of the diet with iodine
and DHA provide additional health
benefits to both mother and infant
Bioactive factors
• Bioactive factors are elements found in food that impact biological processes,
bodily function, and health
• Two important bioactive components of human milk are lactoferrin and alpha-
lactalbumin
Minerals and trace elements
• Mineral and trace elements present in breastmilk are generally independent of
maternal dietary intake
Comparison with cow’s milk
Vitamin content during lactation
Vitamin content during lactation
Vitamin content during lactation
Vitamin content during lactation
Vitamin content during lactation
Vitamin content during lactation
Vitamin content during lactation
Vitamin content during lactation
Vitamin content during lactation
• Based on daily intake requirements of healthy, exclusively breastfed
infants the content of vitamin D and vitamin K is generally not
considered sufficient to meet infant’s needs
Establishing successful breastfeeding
• The frequency of feeding and effective removal of milk from the
breast determines milk supply
• Lactation during first few weeks is critical to establishing adequate
milk supply
Good breast care
• Mothers should take good care of their nipples and breasts
• Expressing small amount of breastmilk after feed and allowing to dry
• Check regularly for any small lumps
• Massage the blockage in the direction of the nipple during a feed
• Choose an appropriate breastfeeding position
Infant feeding patterns
• Infants should be fed on-demand
• Infant feeding cues,
• Waking and tossing
• Sucking on fist or fingers
• Crying or fussing Recognising early hunger cues
• May look like to cry can help support successful
breastfeeding
Expressing breastmilk
• Breastmilk can be expressed in
number of ways
• An infant will always be able to
remove milk from the breast
more effectively than expression
Handling and storage
Barriers to breastfeeding
• Low rates of breastfeeding initiation
and continuation are a global public
health issue
Factors influencing breastfeeding rates
Contraindications of breastfeeding
Challenges to breastfeeding
• Mother
• Inverted nipples
• Blocked ducts
• Lactational mastitis

• Infant
• Ankyloglossia
• Cleft lip/palate
The breastfeeding support network
The breastfeeding support network
 A combination support at the family, community,
workplace, healthcare, and governmental level
are essential to improving breastfeeding
initiation and duration rates

L O C A L LY R O O T E D , G L O B A L LY R E S P E C T E D ugm.ac.id