• Passive techniques in practice.

• Heat gain prevention technique.

• Roof Techniques.
(a) Traditional.
(b) Modern.
• Ventilation Techniques.
• Cooling Techniques.
HOUSE ENCLOSED COURTYARD
WITH VARANDAH HOUSE
SOLAR RADIATION PROTECTION TECHNIQUES
IN TRADITIONAL HOUSES
• ROOF OF TRADITIONAL
HOUSES are SADDLE
BACK TYPE. UNDER THE
ROOF ALWAYS THERE IS A
FLAT CELLING CALLED
MANCHA WHICH IS USED
AS A LOFT SPACE BUT THE
MAIN OBJECTIVES IS TO
CREATE A THICK AIR
BUFFER ABOVE THIS AIR
BUFFER IS HIGHLY
EFFECTIVE IN FORMING
INSULATION IN THE
SUMMER HEAT AND A
SOURCE OF WARMTH IN
WINTER.
 COURTYARD EFFECT
(DAY)
• DUE TO THE INCIDENT SOLAR
RADIATION IN THE COURTYARD
THE AIR IN IT BECOMES WARMER
AND RISES UP TO REPLACE IT. COOL
AIR FROM THE GROUND LEVEL
FLOWS THROUGH THE LOVERED
OPENINGS OF THE ROOM THUS
PRODUCING THE AIR FLOW.
COURTYARD EFFECT
(NIGHT)
•THE ROOF SURFACES ARE SLOPED
TOWARDS AN INTERNAL
COURTYARD. THE COOL AIR SINKS
INTO THE COURTYARD AND ENTERS
THE LIVING SPACES THROUGH THE
LOW LEVEL OPENINGS AND LEAVES
THROUGH HIGHER LEVEL OPENINGS.
DUAL COURTYARD EFFECT
• AIR IS NOT HEATED
DIRECTLY BY THE SUN BUT
BY ANY HOT SURFACE WITH
WHICH IT COMES INTO
CONTACT THAT IS WHY
THERE IS USUALLY AN
INVERS ON OF COLD AIR
OVER HOT DURING THE DAY
IN THE SAME WAY AIR DOES
NOT LOSE ITS HEAT
DIRECTLY TO THE NIGHT SKY
BUT THROUGH CONVECTION
TO ANY COLD SURFACES
WHICH IS RADIATING.
• AN AIR FLOW INSIDE THE
ROOM CAN BE MAINTAINED
BY A DUAL COURTYARD
CONCEPT WHERE
COURTYARD IS KEPT COOL
BY SHADY TREES
VEGETATION AND ANOTHER
TO SUN.
COURTYARD EFFECT WITH
EVAPORATIVE COOLING

• THE
EFFICIENCY
CAN FURTHER
BE INCREASED
BY PROVIDING
AN
EVAPORATIVE
COOLING
SYSTEM IN THE
COOL
COURTYARD.
• Passive techniques in practice.
• Heat gain prevention technique.
• Roof Techniques.
(a) Traditional.
(b) Modern.
• Ventilation Techniques.
• Cooling Techniques.
SHADING BY TEXTURE
• HIGHLY
TEXTURED WALLS
HAVE A PORTION
OF THEIR
SURFACES IN THE
SHADE. THE
RADIATION
ABSORBING AREA
OF SUCH A
TEXTURED
SURFACE IS LESS
THAN ITS
RADIATION
EMITTING AREA
AND THEREFORE
IT WILL BE
COOLER THAN A
FLAT SURFACE.
SHADING BY CLEARSTOREY AND EAVES
Overhang
•TRADITIONAL
CLEARSTOREY WINDOWS
WITH PROJECTING SHADES
PROVIDE DIFFUSE LIGHT TO
CREATE UNIFORM AMBIENT
LIGHTING IN INTERIORS.IT
HELPS IN PRODUCING AN
EFFECTIVE STACK EFFECT
FOR BETTER
VENTILATION.THE PASSIVE
DESIGN ELEMENTS SUCH AS
PROJECTING SHADES OVER
CLEARSTOREY WINDOWS
PREVENTS GLARES AND
THEREBY HEAT GAINS.
SHADING PROJECTION OF A BALCONY

• ONE OF THE COMMON

PASSIVE SHADING
DEVICE FEATURE IS A
BALCONY WHOSE
UPPER PORTION IS
EFFECTIVELY USED AS
A WINTER LIVING
SPACE AND AT THE
SAME TIME PROVIDES
ADEQUATELY SHADED
BUFFER SPACES
BELOW TO CREATE
COMFORT CONDITIONS
DURRING SUMMER.
 CREATION OF SEASONAL LIVING SPACES

• ONE OF THE VERY EFFECTIVE PASSIVE DESIGN FEATURES SUCH AS

BUFFER SPACES IS EMPLOYED IN BUILDING DESIGN TO CREATE
SUMMER AND WINTER LIVING SPACES. PROJECTIONS OR OVERHANGS
ON THE EXTERNAL FACADE AGAIN HELPS IN REDUCING HEAT GAIN
BY PREVENTING DIRECT SOLAR RADIATIONS.THE SAME BUFFER
SPACES ACT AS WARM SPACE IN WINTER DUE TO TIME LAG EFFECT.
• Passive techniques in practice.
• Heat gain prevention technique.
• Roof Techniques.
(a) Traditional.
(b) Modern.
• Ventilation Techniques.
• Cooling Techniques.
TERRACE GARDEN

• TERRACE
GARDENS
SHOULD BE
PROVIDED TO
REDUCE HEAT
GAIN THROUGH
EXPOSED ROOF.
CANVAS CLOTH COVER
DOME STRUCTURE
• CURVED ROOF HAS A
LARGER CONVECTION
HEAT TRANSFER AREA
AND TRANSFERS HEAT
MORE EFFICIENTLY
THAN A FLAT ROOF
THEREFORE , A CURVED
ROOF IS MORE EASILY
COOLED
REFLECTIVE ROOF SURFACE
INCLINED ROOF

• SLOPING ROOF
ABSORBED LESS
HEAT THAN THE
FLAT ROOF DUE TO
ITS SHAPE AND
LESS EXPOSURE TO
SOLAR RADIATION.
• Passive techniques in practice.
• Heat gain prevention technique.
• Roof Techniques.
(a) Traditional.
(b) Modern.
• Ventilation Techniques.
• Cooling Techniques.
ROOF POND OR SKY THERM TECHNIQUE
• THE WATER MASS MAY BE IN THE
FORM OF FAN OPEN POND OR BAGS
OF WATER(WITH A TRANSPARENT
PLASTIC COVER IN WINTER)WITH
MOVABLE INSULATION ABOVE IT.
• IN WINTER DURING THE DAY TIME
INSULATION IS REMOVED
ALLOWING SOLAR ENERGY TO BE
ABSORBED BY YHE WATER AND
THE BLACK SURFACE OF THE ROOF
AND THIS HEAT IS THEN RADIATED
TO THE LIVING SPACE.AT
NIGHT,THE WATER IS COVERED BY
THE INSULATION REDUCIBG THE
HEAT LOSS TO THE OUTSIDE AIR.
THE HEAT TRANSFER TO THE
OUTSIDE AIR. THE HEAT TRANSFER
TO THE INSIDE AIR FROM THE ROOF
KEEPS THE LIVING SPACE WARM.
SECTION THROUGH A HOSTEL BUILDING
MODULE

• LIGHT WEIGHT
CONSTRUCTIO
NS IS USED FOR
BEDROOMS
WHILE DAY
USE SPACE IS
MASSIVELY
BUILT.
ROOF SHADING BY PERGOLAS

• ROOF CAN BE
SHADED WITH
THE HELP OF
TREES PLANTED
NEARBY OR
CREEPERS
CONTROLLING
WIND. SOLAR
RADIATION AND
TEMPERS
EXTREMES OF
CLIMATE.
• Passive techniques in practice.
• Heat gain prevention technique.
• Roof Techniques.
(a) Traditional.
(b) Modern.
• Ventilation Techniques.
• Cooling Techniques.
VENTILATION
OPARATION OF A WIND TOWER
AIR CIRCULATION PATTERN IN A
ROOM WITH A CURVED ROOF
• WHEN A HOLE IS MADE
AT THE APEX OF A DOME
OR CYLINDRICAL ROOF
THE LOW PRESSURE
CREATED AT THIS POINT
VENTS THE HOT AIR
UNDER THE ROOF. IN THIS
WAY AIR IS KEPT
CIRCULATING THROUGH
THE ROOM UNDER THE
ROOF. AIR VENTS ARE
USUALLY PLACED OVER
LIVING ROOMS. OFTEN
WITH A POOL OF WATER
DIRECTLY UNDER THE
VENT TO COOL THE AIR
WHICH IS MOVING UP TO
THE VENT BY
EVAPORATION.
WIND DEFLECTORS
• HEDGE AND SHRUB
PLANTING OUTSIDE
WINDOW RELIEVES
UNWANTED
PRESSURE
COMPONENTENT
FORCES DOWNWARD
DEFLECTIONS OF AIR
STREAM. EFFECT
WILL BE PRODUCED
FOR DISTANCE UPTO
5 TO 6 M.
WIND FUNNELING

• TREE PLANTING
CAN BE USED TO
GUIDE WIND INTO
UNIT. HERE THREE
FUNNEL LINES ARE
DISGUISED AS
DRIVE WAY.
• Passive techniques in practice.
• Heat gain prevention technique.
• Roof Techniques.
(a) Traditional.
(b) Modern.
• Ventilation Techniques.
• Cooling Techniques.
TUNNEL COOLING

• AN ALTERNATIVE
METHOD IS TO
CONSTRUCT TUNNELS AT
THE APPROPRIATE DEPTH
AND TO COOL AIR BY
BLOWING IT THROUGH
THE TUNNELS. THE
COOLED AIR IS THEN
USED TO CONDITION
LIVING SPACES IN A
NORMAL BUILDING
ABOVE THE GROUND.
 EARTH TUBE COOLING

• AS THE TEMPERATURE OF THE SOIL AT ABOUT 6 FT. OR MORE BELOW

THE SURFACE OF THE EARTH STAYS FAIRLY CONSTANT THROUGH
THE YEAR AND IS VERY CLOSELY APPROXIMATED BY THE ANNUAL
AVERAGE AIR TEMP. IF A PIPE IS BURIED UNDERGROUND AT THIS
DEPTH ATMOSPHERIC AIR IS PASSED OR CIRCULATED THROUGH IT
THE AIR WILL LOSE OR GAIN HEAT DEPENDING UPON WHETHER IT IS.