MARPOWER

WEEK – 13,14,15

POLLUTION PREVENTION
MACHINERY
DIESEL ENGINES
DIESEL ENGINES

COMPETENCE:
 A-II/2.F1.C11: Operating remote control of propulsion plant and engineering system
and services

KUP:
 A-II/2.F1.C11.KUP1: Operating principles of marine power plants

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
 LO1.5. Explain the principles of operation of the different pollution prevention
equipment in the engine room in accordance with the operations manual and
MARPOL
WEEK 13, 14, 15,

LO1.5. EXPLAIN THE PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION OF THE DIFFERENT

POLLUTION PREVENTION EQUIPMENT IN THE ENGINE ROOM IN
ACCORDANCE WITH THE OPERATIONS MANUAL AND MARPOL.
Pollution Prevention Machinery
 Oily water separator and oil filtering  Incinerators
equipment - Operation principle
- Operation principle - Construction
- Construction and types of filtering - Deck officer’s role in the incineration
equipment process
- Oil content monitoring device  Other pollution prevention machinery
- Oil discharge mechanism -BWMS (Ballast water management system)
- MARPOL regulations - Scrubber systems
- Common malfunctions  Scupper plugs
- Deck officer’s role in oil discharging
operation
 Sewage Treatment Plant
- Operation principle
- Classification
- MARPOL regulations
- Deck officer’s role in sewage
discharging operation
LO1.5. EXPLAIN THE PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION OF THE DIFFERENT
POLLUTION PREVENTION EQUIPMENT IN THE ENGINE ROOM IN
ACCORDANCE WITH THE OPERATIONS MANUAL AND MARPOL

POLLUTION PREVENTION
MACHINERY
 OILY WATER SEPARATOR AND OIL FILTERING EQUIPMENT

Keeping the Seas Clean: Pollution Prevention Machinery, Oily Water

Separators, and Oil Filtering Equipment

The maritime industry plays a crucial role in global trade, but it also carries
a responsibility to protect the marine environment. One of the primary
threats to marine ecosystems is oil pollution, stemming from accidental
spills, operational discharges, and bilge water containing traces of oil. To
mitigate this risk, stringent regulations and advanced pollution prevention
machinery have been developed, with oily water separators and oil
filtering equipment at the forefront.
OPERATION PRINCIPLE: SEPARATING OIL FROM WATER

Oily water separators utilize the principle of *gravity separation*,

exploiting the density difference between oil and water. The contaminated
water is fed into the separator, where it passes through a series of baffles
and settling chambers. The oil, being less dense, rises to the surface while
the water settles at the bottom. The separated oil is then collected and
discharged, while the treated water is released overboard, meeting
regulatory standards.
CONSTRUCTION AND TYPES OF FILTERING EQUIPMENT: BEYOND
SEPARATION

While oily water separators are the primary line of defense, *oil filtering
equipment* provides an additional layer of protection by removing finer
oil particles that might escape the separation process.
COMMON TYPES OF OIL FILTERING EQUIPMENT INCLUDE:

 Coalescing Filters: These filters use a porous medium to capture oil

droplets and allow water to pass through.
 Centrifugal Separators: These separators utilize centrifugal force to
separate oil from water, achieving higher separation efficiency.
 Membrane Filters: These filters use semi-permeable membranes to
remove oil particles based on size.

The type of filter chosen depends on the specific application and the
desired level of oil content reduction.
OIL CONTENT MONITORING DEVICE: ENSURING COMPLIANCE

Accurate monitoring of oil content in discharged water is crucial to ensure

compliance with international regulations. *Oil content monitoring
devices* provide real-time data on the oil concentration in the discharged
water, allowing for immediate adjustments to the separation process if
necessary.
MARPOL REGULATIONS: THE GLOBAL FRAMEWORK

The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has established the

*International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships
(MARPOL)*, which sets stringent regulations for the discharge of oily
water.

MARPOL Annex I mandates the use of oily water separators and sets limits
on the allowable oil content in discharged water, typically 15 parts per
million (ppm).
COMMON MALFUNCTIONS: IDENTIFYING AND ADDRESSING ISSUES
Oily water separators and oil filtering equipment can be susceptible to
malfunctions, leading to inefficient separation and potential environmental
damage.
Some common malfunctions include:
 Clogged filters: Frequent cleaning and maintenance are essential to
prevent clogging.
 Faulty pumps: Pumps may fail to deliver the required flow rate,
impacting separation efficiency.
 Damaged baffles or settling chambers: These components can
become worn or damaged, reducing separation effectiveness.
Regular inspections, preventive maintenance, and quick response to
malfunctions are crucial for maintaining the effectiveness of these systems.
DECK OFFICER'S ROLE IN OIL DISCHARGING OPERATION
Deck officers play a critical role in ensuring safe and compliant oil
discharging operations. Their responsibilities include:
 Monitoring the performance of oily water separators and oil filtering
equipment.
 Ensuring compliance with MARPOL regulations and company
procedures.
 Supervising the oil discharge operation, including recording relevant
data.
 Maintaining accurate logs of all discharges and maintenance
activities.
 Recognizing and addressing any potential malfunctions or
environmental concerns.
By diligently performing these tasks, deck officers contribute to protecting
the marine environment and ensuring the safe and responsible operation
of vessels.

CONCLUSION
 Pollution prevention machinery, including oily water separators and oil
filtering equipment, plays a vital role in reducing oil pollution from
ships. By understanding the principles of operation, types of equipment,
and relevant regulations, maritime professionals can ensure the
effective and responsible discharge of oily water. The commitment to
ongoing maintenance, regular inspections, and proper operational
procedures guarantees cleaner seas and a healthier marine ecosystem.
 SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT

OPERATION PRINCIPLE

A sewage treatment plant (STP) is a system designed to remove pollutants

from wastewater, making it suitable for discharge into the environment or
reuse.

By understanding the principles, classification, regulations, and deck

officer's role related to sewage treatment plants, maritime professionals
can help prevent pollution and protect the marine environment.
THE OPERATION PRINCIPLE OF AN STP TYPICALLY INVOLVES SEVERAL
STAGES:
1. Primary Treatment: This stage removes large physical debris, such as
solids and suspended particles, through screens and sedimentation
tanks.
2. Secondary Treatment: Biological processes are used to break down
organic matter. Bacteria or microorganisms are introduced into the
wastewater to consume the pollutants. This process may occur in
activated sludge tanks or trickling filters.
3. Tertiary Treatment: Additional treatment steps can be added to
further purify the wastewater, such as disinfection using chlorine or
ultraviolet light, nutrient removal, or polishing filtration.
CLASSIFICATION
STPs are generally classified based on their treatment capacity and
technology used:
1. Residential Sewage Treatment Plants: Designed for small-scale
wastewater treatment, serving individual homes or small
communities.
2. Municipal Sewage Treatment Plants: Large-capacity plants serving
entire municipalities or cities.
3. Industrial Sewage Treatment Plants: Specifically designed to treat
wastewater from industrial processes, which may contain specific
contaminants or pollutants.
4. Portable Sewage Treatment Plants: Compact units used in remote
areas or for temporary events.
MARPOL REGULATIONS

The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has established regulations

under MARPOL Annex IV to prevent pollution of the marine environment
from sewage from ships. These regulations:

 Prohibit the discharge of untreated sewage within specified distance

from land or in sensitive areas.
 Require ships to be equipped with approved sewage treatment
equipment.
 Set standards for effluent quality and discharge conditions.
DECK OFFICER'S ROLE IN SEWAGE DISCHARGING OPERATION

Deck officers play a crucial role in ensuring compliance with MARPOL

regulations and proper sewage treatment and discharge operations on
board ships. Their responsibilities include:

 Monitoring Sewage Treatment System: Regularly checking the

operation of the STP, including its pumps, filters, and disinfection
equipment.
 Recording Discharge Data: Maintaining accurate records of sewage
discharges, including time, location, and effluent quality.
 Adhering to MARPOL Regulations: Ensuring that sewage discharges
are made under the established regulations.
 Emergency Procedures: Implementing emergency procedures in case
of STP malfunctions or spills.
 Crew Training: Providing training and guidance to crew members on
proper sewage handling and discharge practices.
 INCINERATORS

Incinerators are devices used to thermally treat waste materials by burning

them at high temperatures.

They play a crucial role in pollution prevention by reducing the volume of

waste, eliminating harmful substances, and generating energy.
OPERATION PRINCIPLE

Incineration involves the introduction of waste into a combustion chamber,

where it is ignited and burned. The heat generated by the combustion
process destroys organic matter, vaporizes volatile compounds, and
oxidizes toxic contaminants.

The following steps summarize the operation principle of an incinerator:

1. Waste Loading: Waste is loaded into the combustion chamber

through a hopper or a conveyor belt.
2. Ignition and Combustion: Fuel is added to ignite the waste, and air is
introduced to support combustion. The temperature in the chamber
rises to several hundred degrees Celsius.
3. Primary Combustion: The waste undergoes thermal decomposition,
releasing gases and vapors. These gases are then burned with the
addition of secondary air.
4. Secondary Combustion: The hot gases from the primary combustion
enter a secondary combustion chamber, where additional air is
introduced to ensure complete combustion of any remaining organic
matter.
5. Gas Cooling and Scrubbing: After combustion, the hot gases are
directed through a series of cooling and scrubbing systems to
remove particulates, acid gases, and other pollutants.
6. Ash Disposal: The remaining ash is collected and disposed of
appropriately.
CONSTRUCTION

Incinerators are typically constructed with the following components:

 Combustion Chamber: A refractory-lined chamber where waste is

burned.
 Burners: Gas or fuel oil burners used to ignite and maintain
combustion.
 Air Supply System: Fans and ducts that provide air for combustion.
 Gas Cooling and Scrubbing Systems: Coolers, cyclones, and scrubbers
used to remove pollutants from the exhaust gases.
 Ash Handling System: Equipment for collecting and disposing of ash.
DECK OFFICERS' ROLE IN THE INCINERATION PROCESS

As part of their responsibilities for marine pollution prevention, deck

officers play a vital role in the incineration process, including:

 Monitoring and Control: Monitor the operation of the incinerator to

ensure it is operating safely and efficiently within the permissible
emission limits.
 Waste Management: Follow proper waste segregation and handling
procedures to ensure that only suitable waste is incinerated.
 Ash Disposal: Supervise the disposal of ash in accordance with
MARPOL regulations.
 Emergency Response: Respond promptly to any malfunctions or
emergencies related to the incinerator.
 Record Keeping: Maintain records of the amount of waste
incinerated, as well as any malfunctions or maintenance activities
performed.
 OTHER POLLUTION PREVENTION MACHINERY

BALLAST WATER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (BWMS)

BWMSs are an essential technology for ships traveling across different

marine environments. Ships take on ballast water to stabilize their weight
and navigate safely. However, ballast water can carry harmful aquatic
organisms and marine pollution from one region to another.

BWMSs treat ballast water before discharge, eliminating invasive species

and pollutants. They use various methods, such as filtration, ultraviolet
irradiation, or chemical treatment, to disinfect and remove unwanted
organisms.
SCRUBBER SYSTEMS

Scrubber systems are installed on ships to reduce air pollution from marine
diesel engines. Diesel engines emit sulfur oxides (SOx) and nitrogen oxides
(NOx), which can contribute to acid rain and respiratory problems.

Scrubber systems use seawater or alkali solutions to remove these

pollutants from exhaust gases. The captured pollutants are then
discharged in a more environmentally friendly form.
 SCUPPER PLUGS

 Scupper plugs are devices installed on ships to prevent oil and

hazardous materials from entering the sea. Scuppers are drainage holes
located on the sides of ships, which allow water to drain overboard.

 Scupper plugs seal these drainage holes during oil transfers or when
ships are in port, preventing the discharge of harmful substances into
the marine environment. They are essential for compliance with
environmental regulations and reducing pollution risks.
DIESEL ENGINES

ASSESSMENT:

 Quiz
 Seatwork
 Board Work
 Oral Recitation
 Research Activity