Allama Muhammad Iqbal

as Muslim Political Thinker

Group Members
 Bushra Saghir
Ikrad Ahmed
 Syed Taimur
Bilal Ahmed
 Eram Rimsha
Muhammad Raees
 Zia-Ur-Rehman
 Contents
• Introduction (Life and Education)
• Services of Allama Iqbal
• Educational Philosophy
• Concept of Ego
• Concept of Millat
• Views on democracy
• Concept of Ijtihad
 Introduction
• Allama Iqbal was born on November 9,
1877, in Sialkot, British India.
• He received his early education in Sialkot
and went on to study at Government
College, Lahore.
• He began writing poetry in Persian at the
age of nine, and by the time he was a
teenager, he had already developed a
reputation as a talented poet in his
hometown of Sialkot.
 Introduction
• He went to Europe for his higher
education.
• Allam Iqbal used to be an Indian
Nationalist.
• Allama Iqbal's doctoral thesis was
entitled "The Development of
Metaphysics in Persia" and was
completed in 1907 at the University of
Munich, Germany.
Services of Allama Muhammad Iqbal

• Allama Iqbal played a key role in the development of education in Pakistan,

advocating for universal education and serving as the first academic director of the
University of Punjab.
• Allama Iqbal was a tireless advocate for the rights and empowerment of Muslims
in India, and his writings and speeches helped to galvanize the movement for an
independent Muslim state.
• Iqbal's services in politics include his role as a thinker and ideologue whose ideas
of Muslim nationalism and self-determination inspired the creation of Pakistan.
• Iqbal's services in religion include his contributions as a scholar, thinker, and poet
who promoted a modern and dynamic understanding of Islam and emphasized the
importance of spirituality and morality in the practice of the faith.
Services of Allama Muhammad Iqbal

• Iqbal’s major contribution is the book “Reconstruction of

religious Muslim thought in Islam, 1928
• It is based on religious beliefs in the light of modern science and
philosophy.
• Iqbal differentiated between "Deen" and "Religion" by arguing
that while religion is a set of rituals and beliefs, Deen is a way of
life that encompasses all aspects of human existence, including
spirituality, morality, and social justice.
 Concept of Khudi
( Self/ Ego/ Khudi)

• Quran emphasis “uniqueness” and “individuality” of man.

• This confers concept of individual responsibility.
• Man as theophany.
• We all are made on the image of God and speech valeti
derived from God.
• According to Quran inner experience is one of the three
sources of knowledge: other two are history and nature.
 Characteristics of Ego

• Ego finitude and contradictions

• Ego and space.
• Ego and Duration.
• Ego and Privacy.
Iqbal’s Educational Philosophy

• Holistic education: Iqbal believed that education should foster the

development of the whole person, including their spiritual, moral, and
intellectual dimensions.
• Creativity and self-realization: Education should encourage creativity
and self-realization, helping students to discover their true potential
and purpose in life.
• Islamic values: Education should be grounded in Islamic values, such
as compassion, justice, and morality, which can guide students towards
a better understanding of the world and their place in it.
Iqbal’s Educational Philosophy

• Teacher-student relationship: Iqbal emphasized the importance of a strong

teacher-student relationship, where the teacher acts as a mentor and guide to
the student's personal and intellectual growth.
• Adaptability: Education should be flexible and adaptable to changing social
needs, equipping students with the skills and knowledge needed to face the
challenges of a rapidly changing world.
• Social justice: The ultimate goal of education should be the promotion of
social justice and the betterment of humanity, ensuring that all members of
society have access to the benefits of education and the opportunities it
provides..
Iqbal’s views on democracy

• Iqbal criticized the excesses of democracy, particularly its tendency to

promote individualism and materialism at the expense of spiritual and moral
values.
• He argued that democracy often results in a tyranny of the majority, where the
interests of minorities are ignored or suppressed.
• Iqbal believed that democracy, if not tempered by the values of justice and
equity, can lead to the exploitation of the weak by the strong.
• He criticized the shallow and superficial nature of democratic politics, where
politicians make unrealistic promises to win elections and lack the moral
courage to address the root causes of social and economic problems.
 Iqbal’s Concept of Millet

• Core concept of Millat.

• What is the difference between millet and nationalism
• Formation of nationalism and millet
• Iqbal follows millet and oppose nationalism
Detailed ideology of Iqbal about Millet for
betterment of Muslims

• Idea of universal Muslim community.

• Consensus of group
• Relation of individual with millet.
• Idea to stay connected with millet.
• His message for millet to follow Islamic governing
system
Factor leading to an ideal millet

• Belief in unity of Allah and prophethood of

Muhammad (S.A.W).
• Hatred for nationalism.
• Millet above race and creed
• Force
HOW IQBAL’S CONCEPT OF MILLET CAN
WORK AS SAVIOUR FOR CONTEMPORARY
MUSLIM WORLD?
CRITICISM ON IQBAL’S VIEWS
OF MILLET AND NATIONLISM.
 Iqbal on Ijtihad

• Iqbal believed that ijtihad (independent reasoning) is an important

aspect of Islamic scholarship and an essential tool for the adaptation of
Islamic principles to changing social and historical circumstances.
• He argued that ijtihad should be guided by the principles of reason,
justice, and compassion, and that it should be used to promote the
common good of society.
• Iqbal believed that the revival of ijtihad is necessary for the renewal
and revitalization of Islamic thought and the development of a modern
Islamic civilization.
 Conclusion

• Allama Muhammad Iqbal died on April 21, 1938, at the age of 60. He was buried at
the entrance of the Badshahi Mosque in Lahore, Pakistan, in accordance with his
wishes.
• Iqbal believed in the importance of a strong moral and spiritual foundation for
individual and societal progress, and he emphasized the need for education and
personal development.
• He believed that the principles of justice, equity, and compassion should guide all
aspects of human life, including politics and economics.
• Iqbal believed in the potential for Islam to contribute to the development of a global
civilization based on the values of love, compassion, and service to humanity.