LESSONS FOR SUSTAINABLE

AND BENEFICIAL
COEXISTENCE
A Seminar by Group 4
Adarsh, Ameera, Athul, Fathima, Lillian, Niranjana, Prasad,
Riya, Sree Nandana
 Introduction
Lessons for Sustainable and Beneficial Co-existence by Dr. Christabell P. J is
an essay that examines the different sides of the phenomenon called
Globalisation and seeks to find out the ways in which the developing nations
can cope to its harmful effects.
Dr. Christabell P.J
Assistant Professor at the Dept of Future Studies
several research papers published in national and international repute
works :Women Empowerment through Capacity Building
What is globalisation?
The process by which the world is becoming increasingly interconnected as
a result of massively augmented trade and cultural exchange.
Advancement
-technologically
-economically
-means of man
What are the advantages of globalisation?
- awareness about deforestation and global warming
- need for substainable development
- wealth
- business models
- Technological innovations
- Exploration of knowledge
 HOW GLOBALISATION CAME INTO
BEING ?
• Globalization is the process of interaction and integration among people,
companies, and governments worldwide.

• It has been a long and gradual process, driven by a number of factors,

including advances in technology, transportation, and communication

• Globalization has had a profound impact on the world economy, culture,

and politics.
 The Factors Behind Globalization
• Increased trade between countries
• Advances in technology
• Reduced transportation costs
• The rise of multinational corporations
• The removal of trade barriers
• Globalization has had a number of impacts on the world, both positive and
negative.
• On the positive side, globalization has led to economic growth in many
countries.
• This is because it has allowed businesses to take advantage of new
markets and lower production costs.

• Globalization has also increased competition between businesses, which

has led to lower prices for consumers.
• In addition, globalization has led to increased cultural exchange.
 The Future of Globalization
• The rise of new technologies
• The growing importance of emerging markets.
• The increasing role of governments
 History repeats itself
• Globalisation has got a long history of itself, which runs through different phases.

First phase - Germial phase(1400-1750)

• The growth of national communities
• The concepts of the individual and ideas about humanity
• The acceptance of the heliocentric theory
• The beginning of modern geography.
Second Phase - (1750-1875)
• Incipeat phase of the nation state and the preliminary phase of
internationalism and universalism in Europe.

Third Phase - Take off phase(1875-1925)

• Conceptualization of the world as a single international society.
• Mass international immigration and the insertion of non-Europe in the
international club of nation-states
Fourth Phase - 20th century
• Witnessed the struggle-for-Hegemony in the cold war(1925-1969)
• The emergence of league of nations and UN
• The materialization of the Third world.

Fifth phase (1969-1992)

• Uncertainty phase of space exploration on awareness of environmental
issues and the global mass media, via space technology.
Sixth Phase & ongoing phase(consolidation phase)

• Characterised by degradation, privatisation and more rigorous

communication, including the evolution of a unique global media culture.
 Economic liberalisation in India
• Initiated in 1991
• Liberalisation of trade
• Foreign capital
• Promotion of private sector business
• Reduction in government controls
 Impacts of liberalisation in India
• Reduced the monopoly of the public sector.
• Increased employment opportunities.
• Increased international competitiveness of industrial production.
• Reduced rates of interest and tariffs.
• software services witnessed an upward graph
• Infrastructural development led to interstate transfer of material and
labour.
• India used to be the biggest beggar for foreign aid before reforms started
in 1991. It is now the world’s third‐​largest economy (in purchasing power
parity terms).

• India’s share of trade in gross domestic product (GDP) rose from 8.5
percent in 1965 to 49.4 percent in 2022.
 WHO ARE THE ACTORS IN THIS
THEATER?
• •Globalization has played an important role in policy reforms. New norms, rules
and mass movements(democratic and human rights movements) and multilateral
agreements(TRIPS) has come into view.

• •Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Right (TRIPS) is an agreement on

international IP rights. TRIPS came into force in 1995, as part of the agreement
that established the World Trade Organization (WTO). TRIPS establishes
minimum standards for the availability, scope, and use of regulation intellectual
property rights (IP) by national governments.
• •Human population has a consensus on global environmental issues like climate change,
elimination of trade barriers, protectionism and subsidies, maintenance of international
peace etc. Fast and cheaper means of communication channels such as Internet, cellular
phones and computer aided in intensifying individualized liberalism in the 21st century.

• •Terms such as homogenization, hybridization, plurality, localism and relativism has

come to define cultural globalization. Theories point out that these are due to increasing
dematerialization of commodities( net banking, DEMAT accounts), consumer
sovereignty, miniaturized, personalized, integrated and diffused technological
advancements and mass world tourism.

• •Dematerialization of commodities or DEMAT implies that these commodities are

stored in Exchange- designated vaults/ warehouses. The record of ownership is in
electronic form, just like trading in equity shares.
• •Sociological significance of globalization is generally expressed by visualizing
the world as a ' global village'.
• Globalization is viewed by many as a threat to the world's cultural diversity. It is
feared that it might drown local economies, traditions and languages and simply
recast the whole world in the mould of the capitalist North and West.
 Beneficiaries of Globalization
• 1. Developed Countries
- Dominate world trade.
- Benefit from cheap labor and raw materials from
developing nations.
• 2. Multinational Corporations (MNCs)
- Gain access to new markets and resources.
- Economies of scale and increased profits.
 Impact on Less Economically Developed
Countries (LEDCs)
• Provision of Labor and Raw Materials
-LEDCs provide cheap labor and raw materials to richer
countries.
• Lack of Local Benefit
-Wealth from inward investment often benefits the parent
companies in developed nations.
-Profits are frequently repatriated.
 Negative Effects on LEDCs
• Local Business Impact
-Local companies may be driven out of business by larger MNCs.
• Economic Instability
-Factories may close if operations become cheaper elsewhere, leading
to unemployment.
• Environmental and Social Issues
-Lack of stringent regulations leads to environmental pollution, poor
safety standards, and low wages.
Controversies Surrounding Globalization
• Joseph E. Stiglitz's View
-Potential for good if policies are properly designed and implemented.
-Need for policies to fit the economic, historical, and cultural context
of each country.
• Risks of Poor Policy-Making
-Increased volatility and susceptibility to external shocks.
-Potential increase in poverty and reduced growth.
Recommendations for Policy Improvement
• National and Global Reforms
- More transparent and accountable policy-making.
- Less influence from special interests.
• Role of International Agencies
- IMF and World Bank should support national leaders and
ensure reforms have a "human face."
 Income Inequality and Globalization
• UNICEF Report on Income Inequality
- Top 20% of the population holds over 70% of total income.
- Bottom 20% holds only 2% of total income.
• Long-Term Inequality Trends
- Projected slow progress in closing the income gap.
 Insights from Thomas Piketty
• Capital in the Twenty-First Century
- Analysis of historical income and wealth distribution.
- Argument that inherited wealth grows faster than earned
wealth.
- Prediction of increasing global inequality.
 EFFECT ON INDIA
• Globalization aims at enhancing the opportunities while it marginalizes the
unskilled and vulnerable. Eg. India is having an average GDP growth of 5%
but the rural sections remain unemployed or underemployed thereby causing
a Jobless Growth.
• Another common issue faced by the women in the society is inequality in the
job market. They are forced to accept this scenario in order to sustain their
families, even at low wages. The low skill levels, lack in social security, low
educational status and lesser bargaining power make them more vulnerable
in the society.
• Traditional production sectors and local manufacturers in India along with
agricultural sectors are put into great risk as they are shifting to modern
commercial crops thereby occurring a decline in the use of indegenious
traditional methods causing serious environmental impacts.

• Over exploitation, depletion of natural resources have affected the

livelihood in such a way that survival of the fittest is still more
complicated.
• Due to changing global scenario, in order to cope up with the dynamic
world a substantial role is played by international organizations, nation
states, traditional industries, local communities, cultural institutions and
social systems
• The capital and investments are favoring the production process so as to
satisfy the needs of those with higher purchasing power, thereby increasing
the profit and via contributing to the overall growth and prosperity of nations.
The main disadvantage is that a large population is left behind this game of
profit making like the handicrafts, indigenous textiles etc.
• So, for their upliftment we need to rediscover the markets for handicrafts,
indigenous textiles, biodegradable products and niche markets for rendering
services causing new employment opportunities by preserving the existing
ones.
• A strong democratic system ensures social equity which could crub these
issues of social disruptions, terrorist activities arising from the dissatisfaction
of common man regarding the inequalities prevailing in the society.
• Disparity between haves and have nots are to be minimized to ensure the
social justice and the public goods must be extend to the needy and the
destitute alone.
• Government should invest on educational and medical field to assure a
knowledgeable, skilled and healthy population.
 Conclusion
• Dr. Christabell PJ's essay "Lessons for Sustainable and Beneficial Co-existence sheds
light on the multifaceted nature of globalization, examining its advantages, origins,
actors, and impacts, particularly on developing nations like India while globalization has
facilitated technological advancements, economic growth, and cultural exchange, it has
also brought forth challenges such as income inequality, environmental degradation, and
threats to traditional livelihoods.
• The essay underscores the importance of addressing these challenges through transparent
and accountable policy-making, both at national and global levels. It emphasizes the
need for reforms that consider the economic, historical, and cultural contexts of each
country. Additionally, international agencies like the IMF and World Bank are urged to
support national leaders in implementing reforms that prioritize human welfare.
• Special attention is drawn to the impact of globalization on marginalized
groups, such as women and rural communities in India, who often bear the
brunt of economic disparities and lack of social security. To mitigate these
disparities, the essay advocates for investment in education, healthcare,
and traditional industries, while promoting sustainable practices and
preserving cultural heritage.

• Ultimately, Dr. Christabell P J advocates for a holistic approach to

globalization-one that fosters inclusive growth, social equity, and
environmental sustainability. By addressing the needs of vulnerable
populations and promoting responsible economic practices, nations can
strive towards a more sustainable and beneficial co-existence in the
globalized world.
 Thank you!
If you have any questions, feel free to ask.