Presented by ; Dr.

Irfan Ali Khan

Topic : Jaw cyst
Subject: Periodontology
Oral pathology
 Definition
• A cyst is an epithelial lined cavity that fills with
fluid or soft material.
• Chronic swelling are the most common cause
of jaw cyst.
• Cyst are more common in jaw than any other
bone because of the many remnants of
odontogenic epithelium remaining in the
tissues.
 Types of cyst
• 1.True Cysts: that which is lined by
epithelium .
• E.g : Dentigerous cyst, Radicular cyst.

• 2.Pseudo cysts: not lined by epithelium,

• Eg ; solitary bone cyst, aneurysmal bone
cyst.
 Key factors of Cyst Formation

• Proliferation of epithelial lining;

• Infection from pulp
chamber induces inflammation and
proliferation of the epithelial rests.

• Hydrostatic pressure of cystic fluid;

• The cysts attain a balloon
like shape because cystic fluid contain
inflammatory exudate
 Cont,d
• and contain concentration of protein
which exert osmotic pressure.
• Bone resorbing factors;
• cyst tissue in culture release
PGE2 and PGE3 which contribute in cystic
growth.
 General clinical symptoms of cyst
• Cyst usually asymptomatic but some
symptoms may occure like this;
• Swelling
• Displacement or loosening of tooth
• Pain(if infected)
• Eggshell cracking
 Diagnosis
• Your doctor may recommend tests prior to
treatment. These test may include:
• Imaging studies, such as X-ray, CT or MRI
• A biopsy to remove a sample of tumor or cyst
cells for laboratory analysis
• Your doctor uses this information to put
together a treatment plan that's best for you
and the most effective option for treating your
tumor or cyst
 Treatment
• Enucleation (cystectomy);
• Removal of the entire cyst. Enucleation of
cysts should be performed with care in an attempt
to remove the cyst in one piece without
fragmentation.
• Marsupialization;
• The creation of a window into the wall of a
cyst, allowing the contents to be drained. The
window is left open, and the lack of pressure within
the cyst causes the lesion to shrink, as the
surrounding bone starts to fill in again
 Classification of cyst
• Epithelial cyst are classified in the following
manner;
• (A) Odontogenic cyst;
• (1) Developmental Odontogenic Cyst;
 Keratocyst.
 Dentigerous cyst(follicular cyst).
 Eruption cyst .
 Lateral periodontal cyst.
• Gingival cyst of adult.
 classification
• (2) Inflammatory Odontogenic Cyst
 Radicular cyst
 Residual cyst.
• (B) Non-odontogenic Cysts
 Nasopalatine cyst
 Nasolabial cyst.
 Gobulomaxillary cyst.
• Keratocyst;
• Odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) is the cyst
arising from the cell rests of dental lamina. It most
often affects the posterior mandible.
Odontogenic keratocysts make up around 19% of
jaw cysts.
• Dentigerous cyst;
• A dentigerous cyst is an odontogenic cyst -
associated with the crown of an unerupted (or
partially erupted) tooth. The cyst cavity is lined by
epithelial cells derived from the reduced enamel
epithelium of the tooth forming organ.
Eruption cyst;
Eruption cysts are benign cysts that appear on
the mucosa of a tooth shortly before its eruption.
They may disappear by themselves but if they hurt,
bleed or are infected they may require surgical
treatment(marsupialization).
Radicular cyst;
A radicular cyst is generally inflammatory
odontogenic cyst and defined as a cyst arising from
epithelial remnants (cells of Malassez) in the
periodontal ligament as a consequence of
inflammation, usually following the death of the
dental pulp.
• Residual cyst;
• A residual cyst, as the name implies,
‫ق‬
is a radicular, lateral periodotal, dentigerous
or any other cyst that has persisted(‫) ب ر رار‬after
it’s associated tooth has been lost. Residual
cysts commonly affect the maxillary region.
Usually, residual cysts are asymptomatic.
 Non-odontogenic cysts
• Nasopalatine cyst;
• The nasopalatine cyst is the most
common epithelial and nonodontogenic cyst of the
maxilla. The cyst originates from epithelial
remnants from the nasopalatine duct. The cyst is
commonly asymptomatic and associated with
swelling that usually located in the midline of
anterior palate.
• Nasolabial cyst;
• Nasolabial cyst is a rare nonodontogenics,
• soft-tissue cyst occurring in the sublabial area
and anterior maxillary region. The patient
usually presents with a slowly enlarging
asymptomatic swelling.
• Globulomaxillary cyst;
The globulomaxillary cyst is
a cyst that appears between a maxillary lateral
incisor and the adjacent canine. It exhibits as an
"inverted pear-shaped radiolucency" on
radiographs, or X-ray films.
The globulomaxillary cyst often causes the
roots of adjacent teeth to diverge.