University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan

Irrigation Network of Pakistan

ID-304, Irrigation and Drainage

Practices, 2(1-1)
 Lecture Outline
Irrigation Network of Pakistan

Origin of Five Rivers of Pakistan

Location Hydraulic Structures on Irrigation System of Pakistan

 Rainfall
Rainfall

River
Link Link Canal River 22
Canal
Watershed Dam River 1Dam BarrageBarrage

River 1
Watershed
Main Canal
Branch Canal Main
Canal
Branch Canal
Major Distributary
Major Distributary
Or Or
Rajbah Rajbah Outlet/
Minor Distributary Outlet/ Mogha
Mogha
Minor Distributary
Watercourse
Watercourse
Agricultural Field
Agricultural Field Field Channel
Field Channel Nakka
Nakka
 Watershed
Watershed
An area which receives Precipitation and contribute to the formation of the natural flow
An area which receives Precipitation and contribute to the formation
leading to the development of river.
of the
rivers.
The discharge of water or runoff being diverted to the river from the watershed depends
upon
The vegetation,
dischargetopography,
of water degree and length
or runoff beingofdiverted
slope andtoInfiltration
the riverrate of the
from the
soil.
watershed depends upon vegetation, topography, degree and length of
slope and Infiltration rate of the soil.
The erosion effect from the watersheds can adversely affect the discharge carrying
capacity of the Dams, Rivers and Canals.
The erosion effect from the watersheds can adversely affect the discharge
carrying capacity of the Dams, Rivers and Canals.
River

River is a natural stream of water which develop as a result of Precipitation in the

Watershed.

Rivers are part of the hydrologic cycle.

Water generally collects in a river from precipitation through a catchment area from
surface runoff and other sources such as groundwater recharge and diverts to the
downstream water channel through dams and barrages.
 Difference between Dam and Barrage
Dam
Dam is a control structure built
across the river to
Raise Head of water to operate
irrigation system
Permanent Storage of water for
agriculture
Diversion of canal
Hydropower generation
Barrage
Barrage is a control structure on
rivers
Raise the head of water for proper
operation of irrigation canals.
limited storage of water
Diversion of canal
Main Canal
Main Canal receives its water from river through dam or barrage and
diverts to the Branch Canal.
Examples: Lower Bari doab, Upper Jehlam, Lower Jehlam, Upper Chenab,
Lower Chenab

Branch Canal
Branch Canal takes its supply from Main Canal and diverts to the Major
Distibutary.
Example: Gogera Distributry, 1/L, 4/L
Major Distibutary
Major Distibutary takes its supply from Branch Canal and diverts to the
Minor Distibutary
Minor Distibutary
Minor Distibutary takes its supply from Major Distributary and diverts to the
Watercourse.

Irrigation Outlet
A hydraulic structure that diverts water from government owned distributary (major,
minor, branch) to privately owned channel i.e., water course.

Watercourse
Watercourse takes its supply from Minor Distributary and diverts to the Field
Channels/Field.
Nakka
A hydraulic structure that divert water from water course into field channel.

Field Channels
Field channels or farmer branches carry water to the individual fields from the main
watercourses. These are constructed, operated and maintained by the farmers
themselves individually or in groups.

Tail Cluster
A number of outlet provided at the end of distributary is known as tail cluster.
 1 Indus Terbela Dam 1974 Yes
Structures on River Indus River
2 Jinnah/ Barrage 1946
and Tributaries Kalabag
3 Chashma Barrage 1971 Yes
4 Tounsa Barrage 1959
5 Guddu Barrage 1962
6 Sukkar Barrage 1932
7 Kotri Barrage 1954
8 Jehlum Mangla Dam 1967 Yes
River
9 Rasul Barrage 1967 Yes
10 Chenab Marala Barrage 1912
River
11 Khanki Barrage 1892
12 Qadirabad Barrage 1967 Yes
13 Trimmu Barrage 1939
14 Panjnad Barrage 1932
15 Ravi Balloki Weir 1913*/1965
River
16 Sidhnai Barrage 1965 Yes
17 Sutlej Sulemanki Weir 1926
River
18 Islam Weir 1927
Irrigation System of Pakistan
The Irrigation system of Pakistan is the largest integrated irrigation network
in the world, serving almost 18 million ha of contiguous cultivated land.
The salient features of the system are

• Three major storage reservoirs (15.4 BCM = 12.5 MAF),

• 16 barrages;
• 12 inter-river link canals and
• 45 independent irrigation canal commands.
• The total length of main canals alone is 58,500 Km.
• Water courses comprise another 1,621,000 Kms.
The Indus River
Hydraulic Structures on Indus River

Terbela Dam
TARBELA DAM
JINNAH BARRAGE

Thal Canal
 CHASHMA BARRAGE

Chashma Right bank Canal

Chashma Jehlam Link Canal

 Greater Thal Canal

Greater Thal Canal

Chashma Jehlum Link Canal

 Taunsa Barrage

Kachi Canal Muzaffar Garh Canal

T-P Linke CANAL

D.G. Khan Canal

 Guddu Barrage
Pat Feeder Canal
Deseart Feeder Canal
Gotki Feeder Canal
Bagari Feeder
Canal
 Sakhur Barrage
Dadu Canal Nara Canal
Rice canal Mirwah East Khair Pur

Rorhi Canal

West Khair Pur CANAL

Kirthar Canal
 Kotri Barrage
Abdul Wah Canal/
LINNED CANAL
FULELI CANAL

Kalri Canal PINYARI CANAL

The River Jehlam
 Mangla Dam

Upper Jehlam Canal

Upper Jehlam Canl Feeding R-Q Link Canal
UPPER JEHLAM
CANAL DIVERTING
TOWARDS HAEAD
KHANKI
UPPER JEHLAM CANAL
GOING TO FEED R-Q LINK
CANAL
 Rasul Barrage
UJC going to feed R-Q link canal

R-Q Link Canal

Lower Jehlum Canal

The River Chenab
Marala Headworks

UPPER CHENAB CANAL

M-R LINK CANAL

 BRBD Link Canal

UPPER CHENAB CANAL

BRBD LINK CANAL
 Ravi Siphon
Ravi River

BRBD Link Canal

Khanki Barrage
Lower Chenab Canal
Old Khanki Weir
Qadirabad Barrage

Q-B Link Canal

Main Line Upper (Upper Gogera) and Main Line Lower

Q-B Link Canal

LCC

Main Line Lower

LCC Feeder

Main Line Upper

 Mian Ali Branch

Main Line Lower

LCC Feeder

Mian Ali Branch

 Jhang Branch and Rakh Branch

Jhang Branch

LCC Feeder

Rakh Branch

Main Line Lower

Bhowana and Lower Jhang Branch

Bhowana Branch

Jhang Branch

Lower Jhang Branch

 Trimu Headworks

Rangpur Canal T-S Link Canal

Haveli Canal
Punjnad Headworks

Punjnad Canal
Abbasia Canal

Abbasia Link Canal

The River Ravi
Balloki Headworks
Lower Bari Doab Canal

B-S Link Canal

 Sidhnai Headworks

Sidhnai Mailsi Bahawal Link Canal

Sidhnai Canal
 Malsi Siphon

Sidhnai Mailsi Bahawal Link Canal

Sutlej River
The River Sutlej
 Head Sulemanki
Pakpattan Canal
Fordwah Canal

Eastern Sadiqia Canal

 Head Islam
Mailsi Canal

Bahawal Canal

Qaim Canal