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Topic:- “Ethanol form Sugarcane and Biomass as a fuel”

Guided By-

Submitted By:
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1. Priyanka Nagpure : 63
2. Shrinivas kawade: 72
3. Shreya Sabut : 51
4. Aditya Shirsat : 73
5. Sandeep More: 62
 Content
INTRODUCTION

MANUFACTURING PROCESS

APPLICATIONS

ENGINEERING PROBLEMS

CONCLUSION

REFERANCES
 INTRODUCTION

 Ethanol is an alcohol made by fermerntation, mostly from carbohydrates

produced in sugarcane and biomass

 Ethanol is a renewable fuel made from various plant materials collectively known
as "biomass”.

 Growing interest in sustainable energy sources

 Ethanol from sugarcane and biomass: A promising alternative

 Addressing climate change, energy security, and fossil fuel dependency

 MANUFACTURING PROCESS
 Raw Material :-
 Sugarcane:

a) Sugarcane is the primary raw material for ethanol production due to its high
sugar content.

b) The process begins with the harvesting of mature sugarcane stalks, which are
then transported to the processing plant.

c) At the plant, the sugarcane is cleaned and crushed to extract the juice. The juice
is then filtered to remove impurities.

Sugarcane plant Sugarcane

 Biomass:

a) Various types of biomass can be used for ethanol production, including corn
stover, wheat straw, rice husks, and energy crops like switchgrass and miscanthus.

b) These materials are rich in cellulose and hemicellulose, which can be converted
into fermentable sugars.
 Pretreatment:

a) The biomass undergoes a pretreatment process to break down the complex

carbohydrates into simpler sugars.

b) The pretreatment can involve mechanical grinding, chemical treatment, or

enzymatic hydrolysis.

c) Sugarcane juice does not require pretreatment, Beacause Sugarcane juice is

already rich in sucrose and does not require enzymatic hydrolysis.
 Fermentation:

a) Both sugarcane and biomass undergo fermentation, where microorganisms

such as yeast or bacteria convert sugars into ethanol and carbon dioxide.

b) Fermentation typically occurs in large vessels under controlled conditions of

temperature, pH, and agitation.

c) the process typically occurs at temperatures between 25-35°C and pH levels

around 4.0-5.0.
 Distillation Process:

a) After fermentation, the mixture containing ethanol, water, yeast, and other
impurities, known as the "beer," undergoes distillation to separate the ethanol
from the rest of the components.

b) Distillation involves heating the beer to evaporate ethanol, which is then

condensed into a more concentrated ethanol solution.

c) the process is carried out at temperatures around 78.3°C, which is the boiling
point of ethanol.
 Dehydration:

a) This process is essential to meet the desired ethanol purity standards for
various applications.

b) For fuel-grade ethanol with higher purity, dehydration may be employed to

remove any remaining water from the ethanol solution.

c) Techniques such as molecular sieves or azeotropic distillation can be used for

dehydration.

d) This is typically carried out at temperatures above 78.3°C to ensure that the
ethanol remains in its liquid state while the water is removed as vapor.
There are many method or way for production of Ethanol but in that
experiment we choise farmentation process for production
 Chemical reation 1

Invertase
C12H22O11 + H2O → C6H12O6
Catalyst
Sucrose Water Glucose

 the fructose and glucose sugars react with zymase to produce ethanol and
carbon dioxide chemical reactions

Chemical reation 2

Zymase
C6H12O6 → 2C2H5OH + 2CO2
Glucose Catalyst Ethanol

 Fermentation process requires 3 days to complete

 PROBLEMS

a) Feedstock Availability and Logistics

b) Enzyme Efficiency

c) Yeast Tolerance to Ethanol

d) Waste Management

e) Energy Balance and Sustainability

f) Technological limitations
 Environmental Benefits

 Ethanol reduces air pollutants such as carbon monoxide, particulate

matter, and volatile organic compounds.

 It contributes to lower levels of greenhouse gas emissions, mitigating

climate change effects.

 Reduced reliance on fossil fuels decreases environmental degradation

associated with extraction and transportation.

 Greenhouse gas of emissions reduction 80% compared to traditional

gasoline
 Future Benefits

 Renewable Energy

 Climate Mitigation

 Economic Growth

 Energy Independence

 Rural Development

 Technological Advancements
.
Ethanol Uses

Main sources of
ethanol
production
 Application

 transport fuel to replace gasoline.

 fuel for power generation by thermal combustion.

 fuel for fuel cells by thermochemical reaction.

 fuel in cogeneration systems.

 feedstock in the chemicals industry

 CONCLUSION

 Ethanol is a very important raw material It can be used in:

-Alcoholic beverages
-Chemical, pharmaceuticals and cosmetic products
- Automotive fuel

 The major part of etanol is produced by fermentation.

 Sugar cane is one of the most used raw material for etanol production.

 During fermentation is very important to control environmental

parameters:
- Preparation of the inoculum
- Fermentation

 Distillation (Boiling temperature: 78 °C)

 REFERANCES

[1] Government of India, Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, National

Policy on Biofuels, http://www.mnre.gov.in/policy/biofuel-policy.pdf

[2] Changes in Gasoline III, The Automotive Technician’s Gasoline Quality

Guide, Downstream Alternatives, 1996

[3] Evans, M., Economic Impact of the Demand for Ethanol, Prepared for the
Midwestern Governor’s Conference, Feb. 1997

[4] 85% Ethanol, An Alternative Fuel Concept for the Future, Iowa Corn
Promotion Board, 1996

[5] Fuel Ethanol Special Studies, A series of Six Reports Produced By

Energetics, Inc. with support from Dept. of Energy, June 1994

[6] ARAI (2009), Project Report on Assessment of Suitability and Evaluation

of 10% Ethanol blend of petrol vehicles for performance and material
compatibility, Project Report No. ECL/SP/RD/AAB/09-10/062. July 20, 2009
Thank you