DECLINE OF MUGHAL

EMPIRE
DAYAL SINGH
MGM ICE
AURANGABAD
Later Mughals
Bahadur Shah I
1712
1707-

Jahandar Shah 1712-

1713
Farrukh Siyar 1713-
1719
Mohammed Shah 1719-1748
Ahmed Shah 1748-
1754
Alamgir II 1754-1759
Shah Alam II 1759-
1800
Akbar II 1806-1837
Bahadur Shah II 1837-
1862
 * Causes for the Decline of the Mughal Empire

*Worthless and negligent late Mughal

emperors.
*Instability of government and absence of
definite law of succession.
*A heterogeneous and non hereditary nobility.
*Jagirdari crisis
*Revolt of Rajput's, Sikhs, Jats, Maratha's =
Aurangzeb Religious policy.
*Deccan policy failed.
*Invasion of Nadir Shah and Ahmed Shah

Nadir Shah
  Successor of Nadir Shah
From Persia
 Captured Qandhar
 Entered Punjab through
Peshawar.
 Mohammed Shah and Nizam
ul Mulk did not join the war
 Sadar Khan, Khan I Dauran
and Nasir Md Signed a treaty
with Nadir Shah and Paid 2
crores to save their territory.
 Entered Delhi on 20 mar
1739, killed 20k citizens.
Foreign Invasions
Ahmed Shah Abdali
 Invaded Punjab 1748
 Again in 1749 defeated
Moin ul Mulk governor of
Punjab
 Looted Mathura and Agra
 1760 Sixth time and took
Punjab
 14 Feb 1761 third battle of
Panipat and defeated
Marathas.
RISE OF REGIONAL STATES

 BENGAL = MURSHID QULI KHAN

 AWADH = SADAT KHAN AND BURHAN UL MULK

 HYDERABAD = NIZAM UL MULK ASAF JAH

 CARNATIC = SADATULLAH KHAN

 MYSORE = HYDER ALI

 JATS = CHURAMAN AND SURAJMAL

 SIKHS = RANJIT SINGH

 THE BENGAL
1. MURSID QULI KHAN 1717-27

Governor of Orissa by Farrukh Siyar 1719

Transferred capital from Dacca to
Mursidabad
Regulated prices of articles and forbade the
hoarding of grains.
2. Shuja ud Din 1727-1739
Son in law of Mursid
He had principal advisers in the matter of
administration were Rai-i-Rayan
Alamchand(Financer) and Jagat Seth
(Banker)
Gov of Bihar by Mohammed Shah in
1733.
Alivardi Khan as the Naib Subedar of
Bihar.
3. Sarfraraz Khan 1739-1740

Son of Shuja
Title of Alam ud Daula Haider Jung
Defeated by Alivardi Khan
4. Alivardi Khan 1740-1756
Opposed English and French regarding
fortification in Calcutta and
Chandernagore
Compared English and French with
Beehive.
Favoured and nominated Siraj Ud Daula
as his successor.
 5. Siraj Ud Daula 1756-1757
Prohibited English form fortifying their
factories at Calcutta.
Seized the English factory at Kasimbazar.
Defeated Shaukat Jung(Subedar of Purnia)
in battle of MANIHARI=1756
Black hole tragedy – Killed 400 Englishmen
died=21st June 1756.
9th Feb 1757 signed Treaty of Alinagar with
company.
 MIR JAFAR 1757-1760
Granted rights to free trade in Bengal, Bihar
and Orissa.
Paid 17.7 millions as compensation for the
attack on Calcutta.
Known as Jackal of Clive.
Efforts to replace English by Dutch but
Dutch lost war of Bedara in 1759.
6. Mir Qasim 1760-1763
Granted zamindari of Burdwan, Midnapore
and Chittagong to British.
Transferred his capital form Murshidabad to
Munger in 1762.
Tried to stop the misuse of Dastaks(free
passes to company)-1763
Appointed German official Walter Rin Hard
(Samru) for modernisation of army.
English announced war against Mir Qasim
and put Mir Jafar as the Nawab of Bengal.
7. Mir Jafar 1763-1765

Died in 1765

8. Najm ud Daulah 1765-1772

Son of Jafar

Remained puppet of British during the period of

Dual system of government under Robert Clive.
BATTLE OF BUXAR 22 OCT 1764

Fought between the British and three allies

Mir Qasim, Shuja ud Daula of Awadh, Shah
Alam II.
Battle ended with the defeat of allies.
Under British forces under Major Hector
Munro.
 THE AWADH
Saadat Khan Burhan ul Mulk 1722-
1739
Safdar Jung 1739-1754

Shuja ud Daula 1754-1775

Asaf ud Daula 1775-1797

Saadat Khan 1798-1801

Wajid Ali Shah till 1856 …Dalhousie

 THE
HYDERABAD

Nizam ul Mulk Asaf Jah 1724-

1748
Nasir Jung 1748-1750

Mazaffar Jung 1750-1751

Salabat Jung 1751-1760

 THE
MYSORE
Mysore became independent under the Hindu
Wodeyar dynasty in 1565 after the fall of
Vijayanagar empire.

Devaraja and Nanaraja became rulers in 1731-1734.

During Second Carnatic War, Nanaraja allied with

English to capture Tiruchirapalli, but later on he
shifted his allegiance from the English to the
French.
 1. Hyder Ali 1760-1782
His career as a soldier in the service of the Mysore
State.

Promoted as Commander in chief

With French help established a modern arsenal at

Dindigul in 1755.

Defended Srirangapatnam against Marathas in 1759

Rewarded FATEH HAIDER BAHADUR by

Nanaraja(PM)= Chikka Krishna Raja
 ANGLO MYSORE WAR
I Anglo Mysore War 1767-1769
Allied with French and Nizam = Defeated
English
Forced English to sign humiliating treaty =
Treaty of Madras in April 1769.
Battle of Portnonovo = defeated by Eyre
Coote in 1781.
II Anglo Mysore war – 1780-84
Captured Acrot
Died on 7th December 1782 during II Anglo
Mysore war.
 TIPU SULTAN 1782-1799
Dethrroned the Raja of Mysore and assumed Sultan
in 1786 AD
Treaty of Manglore in 1784 (II A M W)
Defeated coalition army of Marathas and Nizam
III Anglo Mysore War 1790-92
Defeated by Marathas and Nizam
Signed a Treaty of Srirangapatnam
Half of Mysore’s territory to victories allies
IV Anglo Mysore War 1799
Died during war
PUNJAB (Sikhism and Sikh Gurus)
Ten Gurus
1. Guru Nanak -1469-1539
Established Nanak Panth, contemporary to
Ibrahim Lodhi and Babur.
2. Guru Angad 1539-1552
Regularised Langar system
3. Guru Amardas 1552-1574
Akbar visited him
Akbar gave land grants to Bibbhani
Divided empire into 22 parts(Manjis)
4. Guru Ramdas 1574-1581
Akbar granted 500 bighas land(Amritsar)
5. Guru Arjun Dev 1581-1606
Saccha Badshah
Constructed lake at Amritsar
Constructed Harmandir Saheb in the mid of
Amritsar
Wrote Adi Granth – 1604
Executed by Jahangir in 1606
6. Guru Hargovind 1606-1645
Transformed Sikhs into a warrior community.
Built Akal Takht (12ft)
Permitted followers to take non veg
7. Guru Harraya 1645-1661
Met Dara Shikoh(Son of Aurengzeb)
His son Ramraya visited Aurangzeb court
8. Guru Harkishan 1661-1664
9. Guru Teg Bahadur 1664-1675
Executed by Aurangzeb
10. Guru Govind Singh 1675-1708
Established Khalsa Panth in 1699 on Baisakhi
War with Mughals
1. Battle of Nandon -1690
2. Two battles of Anandpur
3. Battle of Chamkaur
4. Battle of Khirdana 1705
Banda Bahadur 1708-1770 AD
Defeated Wazir Khan(Governor of
Sirhind)= Lohgard
Saccha Padshah
Abdus Samad Khan(Lahore Governor)
defeated and captured Banda Bahadur
Tortured and died on 19th June 1716
during Faruk Siyar
Nadir Shah and Ahmed Shah Abdali=
1748 to 1767{Punjab a independent state}
RANJIT SINGH 1780-1839 AD
Ascended the throne on 1792 AD
At the age of 12 rule for five years through
Regency council headed by Mother.
Zaman Shah(Abdali son) authorised Ranjit
Singh of Lahore and declared Maharaja of
Lahore in 1799 AD
Treaty of Amritsar with Metcalf in 1809
AD=Sutlej
Took Kohinoor from Ahmed Shah Abdali