/kəmˈpʌlʃən/ Introduction

1 Look at the photographs. Discuss these questions.

a What is the connection between the unit title,
'Compulsion' and these photographs?
The unit title Compulsion refers to activities that
people can't stop doing. The photographs show
activities which people can get addicted to.
b Which of the activities shown in the photographs
do you do or have you done? Why do you do
them?
c Which things have you never done, or would you
never do? Why not?
d Which activities can cause serious problems for
individuals who do them regularly? What problems
can they cause?
All of these activities are potentially addictive.
Addictive behaviour has a range of consequences
for the person whom it affects - for example on
their health and, in the case of an addiction to
shopping, their finances. Addiction often leads to a
breakdown in the addicts' relationships with family
and friends.
Compulsion: a strong wish to do something, often something that
 2 Now discuss these questions.
a Do you think some people have a tendency to
become addicted to activities more quickly than
others? If so, do you think it is something in a
person's character that causes this tendency?
Some people are thrill-seekers - they
want to try out new things. Such people
may do something once for the thrill, but
may find they continue doing it until it
becomes a dominant part of their lives
because they become addicted, first to
the thrill and then to the habit or drug.
Even though they may not continue to
enjoy doing it, they may be unable to
stop. Certain people are genetically more
inclined to develop addictive behaviour.
Others may seek to use drugs to escape
problems in their lives.
Thrill: adventure, pleasure Aware: conscious
Seek: to go in search or quest of: Counselling: advice, guidance
b What can or should be done to help young people to avoid
becoming addicted to substances or activities?
Education can play a big part in helping young
people
avoid addiction by making them aware of the
dangers of certain activities and explaining why
they should avoid doing things to excess. They
should be made aware that there are alternative
ways to deal with problems and/or better ways to
experience thrills. Counselling services should be
offered to those who are genetically inclined to
develop addictive behaviour, and addicts should be
helped to recognize that they have a problem and
provided with guidance on how to change their
habits or lifestyles.
When someone says average day, they are talking about what they might
do every day.
 /ˈædʌlt/

solemn, or thoughtful in character or manner.

/ˈɡrædʒuəli/
Bump:
hit
 Any time
Any time
Past
Past
Future
Any time
Past

1 refers to a past habit, which is now over.

2 refers to an ongoing habit

1 refers to an ongoing habit.

2 refers to a past habit that is no longer
relevant.
1 refers to an ongoing habit (I'm accustomed to
doing this).
2 refers to a developing habit
We can use “used to” to talk about habitual/regular actions
or states in the past that are now finished.
We can use “would” to talk about habitual actions in the
past, but not to talk about past states.
 Actions not situations

It means they smoked sometimes, e.g. at parties or after dinner - not all the time.
Only used with countable nouns:
a few few many several
Only used with uncountable nouns
a little little not much
Used with both:

a lot of all the enough most of the no

none of the plenty of some
a bit of: advice, clothing, equipment, fruit, furniture, information, music, news, paper,
research, luck
a box of: clothing, equipment, fruit, matches, paper
a glass of: milk
a piece of: advice, clothing, equipment, fruit, furniture, information, music, news,
paper, research
a sheet of: music, paper
a stroke of: luck
a word of: advice
an item of: clothing, equipment, information, news
 Lay: If an animal lays eggs, it
produces them out of its
body.-Past simple laid-Past
Participle: laid

Chicken: Each of the chickens has laid an egg./Shall we have chicken or fish for dinner?

Chocolate: Chocolate is too sweet for me. /She bought herself a box of chocolates.

Exercise: I try to do exercise every day. /Swimming is an excellent form of exercise.

Experience: People learn best from experience. / I had a frightening experience last night.

Language: I'm very interested in everyday language./ My father speaks six languages.

Light: You can see light through the trees. /The car hasn't got its lights on.

Noise: There is a lot of noise in the city. /There are many different kinds of noises.
Time: I never have enough time. / How many times have we done this before?

Room: Is there enough room for us all? /The hotel has over a hundred rooms.
 Cupcakes are something mothers make for their children, they are a reminder of childhood for
many people.

used

a back

like would
to into

all
The writer feels a bit defensive about the fact that the reader might laugh at him/her, proud that he/she has the
addiction under control at the moment and also a bit smug that he/she doesn't put on any weight even when he/she
eats a lot of chocolate. He/ she is also determined to keep up the addiction.

Intake: noun [ C ] /ˈɪnteɪk/ the amount of food or drink that you take into your body
Sticky: adj. /ˈstɪki/ LIKE GLUE
Deny: verb [ T ] /dɪˈnaɪ/ to say that something is not true, especially something that
you are accused of
Hooked:
Smug: tooIf pleased
you are with
hooked
youronskill
a drug, you cannot
or success stop that
in a way taking ait.:
smug smile
annoys other people:
cut down: reduced
turns off: disgusts
get by: survive
putting on: gaining
light up: shine Gain: verb [ I or T ] /ɡeɪn/ to get something that is useful, that gives you an
advantage, or that is in some way positive, especially over a period of time:
give up: stop
Shine: verb /ʃaɪn/ shone or shined- to send out or reflect light:
(Note: hooked on is also a phrasal verb meaning 'to be very enthusiastic about
something'.)
6
5
1/7
2
3

give back
giving up on
giving away

give in
giving out
Listen to some phrasal verbs. In the two-part phrasal
verbs, is the main stress on the verb or the particle?
Where is the main stress in the three-part phrasal
verb?
Listen to two pairs of sentences with
phrasal verbs. What general stress rules
can you work out?
When a pronoun is inserted between the phrasal verb
and
the particle, the main stress is on the particle.
When a noun is inserted between the phrasal verb and
the
particle, the main stress is on the noun.
(Note: three-part phrasal verbs are not separable.)
8 Discuss these questions.
a Have you ever given up on someone because they
disappointed you in some way?
b What do you do if someone doesn't give back
something that belongs to you?
c Have you ever had to give in because you couldn 't
do something you tried to do?
 5
3

6
2

Sue: verb /suː/ to take legal action against a

person or organization, especially by making
a legal claim for money because of some
harm that they have caused you:
Gambling: noun [ U ] /ˈɡæm.blɪŋ/ the
activity
Shutting down ofyour
betting money, for
computer example
is when in a
all the
game
software, or on a horse
programs, files, race:
and processes are
closed and the memory in the RAM is cleared.Shutting It down your computer also allows it to run faster with a clear RAM.
is best to shut down your computer when you
Override: verb (CONTROL) to
take control over something,
especially in order to change the
way it operates:
To be more important than
something:
 /ˈstren.ju.əs.li/

/juːˈfɔː.ri.ə/

/enˈdɔː.fɪn/

/ˈvaɪə/
Coin: verb /kɔɪn/ (INVENT) to invent a new word or Sort something/someone out: phrasal verb to deal
expression, or to use one in a particular way for the first successfully with a problem, a situation, or a person who is
time: having difficulties:
Mood: noun [ C ] the way you feel at a particular time: Thrill: adventure, pleasure
Scheduled: adjective UK /ˈʃedʒ.uːld/ US Lie: verb /laɪ/ present participle lying | past tense lay | past
/ˈskedʒ.uːld/planned to happen at a particular time: participle lain- to be in or move into a horizontal position on
a surface: to lie in bed, to lie on a beach
Well-being: noun [ U ]/ˌwelˈbiː.ɪŋ/ the state of feeling
healthy and happy: Encounter: verb [ T ] /ɪnˈkaʊn.tər/ (MEET) formal- to meet
someone unexpectedly:
Distress: noun [ U ]/dɪˈstres/ a feeling of extreme worry,
sadness, or pain: Via: preposition UK /ˈvaɪə/ US /ˈvaɪə/ /ˈviː.ə/going through
or stopping at a place on the way to another place:
Lead: verb (INFLUENCE) to cause someone to do
something, especially something bad: Counselling: advice, guidance
Strenuously: adverb /ˈstren.ju.əs.li/ in a way that uses a lot
of physical or mental effort:
Get a kick out of (something / somebody) to feel
amusement, delight or excitement about something or
someone. to get feelings of pleasure from something
Tolerance: the ability to be affected by a drug or by
difficult conditions without being harmed.
Override: verb (CONTROL) to
take control over something,
especially in order to change the
way it operates:
To be more important than
something:
A. Half an hour of intense
aerobic exercise can
produce five times the
amount you 'd have if you F
were sitting down.
B. Low concentrations of
these are closely linked to
depression.
C. It may be, though, that
A
the thrill can never quite
compare with that
achieved by taking drugs. G
D. People become C
addicted to something
because there's an
underlying unhappiness.
E. Steve, a personal
trainer, used his work to
mask his secondary E
addiction.
F. The thrill from the D
exercise is the thing, the
drug-like feelings brought
about by the activity are
 Widespread: adj. /ˌwaɪd
ˈspred/ existing or
happening in many places
and/or among many
people:

/ˌprəʊ.ɪˈbɪʃ.ən/ /ˌprəʊ.hɪˈbɪʃ.ən/
 clearly, accidentally, dramatically,
amazingly,honestly
fortunately
even, only
never, always
really
When I was a boy, I clearly remember certain prohibitions in my grandmother's house. We were
never allowed to open an umbrella inside because it was bad luck. If something good happened, we
had to touch wood. When my grandfather accidentally broke a mirror once, he said dramatically,
'Seven years' bad luck'. Amazingly, he honestly believed this, but fortunately his prediction didn't
come true. Superstitious beliefs like these are widespread.
We even go through a childhood stage where we are guided by superstitions. Remember the old
rhyme while walking along the pavement: 'Step on the line and break your mother's spine.' We not
only walked with great care ourselves, we always made sure anyone with us avoided the lines, too .
Most people would agree that superstitious thinking is based on the illusion that we can influence
what happens in life. I know college students who will use only their 'lucky pen' to make sure they
do really well in exams.
 Sadly, my sister failed her driving test last week. /My sister failed her driving
test lastsneezes,
If someone week, sadly.
people often say, 'Bless you!'.
I completely agree with you./ I agree with you completely.
I hurriedly checked my email before I left for work. /I checked my email hurriedly
before I left for work.
Surprisingly, I found out later that you'd been trying to phone me./ I found out
later that you'd been trying to phone me, surprisingly.
I only know his name and nothing else. /I know only his name
and nothing else.

early / on time
politely / correctly / naturally / normally / responsibly
quietly/politely/slowly
remembering people's names
the Earth is flat
a famous writer
 Two minutes

They are on a committee which has been asked to come up with ideas for
stopping young people from smoking.

(Written prompts) Suggestions and a question to answer.

Talk about the advantages and disadvantages of the suggested ways of getting
people to stop smoking.
 Yes, they talk about them all to some extent.

Yes. The examples they give are: raising the permitted age for smoking to 20; banning adverts which show good-looking
people smoking and looking happy; health campaigns; putting health warnings on cigarette packets; offering medical
alternatives such as patches that you stick on your arm or special chewing gum; electronic cigarettes.
The examiner ends the discussion by saying 'thank you'.

a. The candidates have to decide on two ideas which that would be most likely to succeed in stopping young
b people from smoking.
one minute

They decide on a health campaign in primary schools, and a complete ban on cigarette advertising.
 Listen again to the candidates doing
both phases of the task. Add any
other expressions they use, to the
table in 5.
Let's take them ... What
How about ... ?
aboutwe
Shall ... ?suggest ... ?
I think we
What they should do is ...
should ...
I think they should ... /I think ...
/ The other thing I think they
should do is .../If it was up to me,
I'd ...
Do you think that would make a
difference?
OK - That's true.- You're
right.
You're probably right.
I'm not sure about that.
it's definitely worth a try,
and we've got to try
everything./ Anything's
It's like
worth .../. . . such as ...
a try.
 on the train/bus, in the bath, when they are relaxing, in doctors' and
dentists' waiting rooms
It may depend on whether they are interested in the
subject, whether
the writing style is accessible, or on how well the
article is
Your favourite hobby; something you are 'crazypresented
about'. on the page.
First of all the editor of the magazine inviting articles, but in the
end the readers of the English-language magazine.

Quite informal: the article is probably intended for

young people - it is a light-hearted subject and the
title 'I'm just crazy about .. .'is an informal expression.
 by talking enthusiastically about the subject from a personal
point of view
informal; personal; serious;
paragraph 3 yes
extreme adjectives such as: fantastic, terrifying

Scary: terrifying, frightening, formidable, horrible, terrible, intimidating,

alarming, fearful;
Thrill: enjoyment, pleasure
Fear: anxiety, panic
 Bland: adjective usually
disapproving /blænd/ not having a strong
taste or character or not showing any
interest or energy:

This title is quite bland, although it might attract someone who wants to start sky-diving.

This title is the most likely to make someone want to read the article, because it creates an element of mystery. It
gives no idea of what the article is going to be about, but suggests that it is something unusual. Readers may be
curious to find out what it is about.

This title might attract the attention of people because of its conversational style.

This title suggests something that is serious, dense and possibly dull.

a- This is a less interesting opening sentence.
b- This sentence immediately engages the reader by asking a dramatic question.
c- This is less inclusive and so might not attract as many
readers.
d- This might attract people because of its inclusivity.
You have seen this announcement in an English-language
magazine for young people.
You Write - We Print
Family celebrations are often memorable occasions. Write an article
describing a family celebration that you remember well. The three most
interesting articles will be published in our next issue.
Write your article in 140-190 words.
Who will read the article? Readers choose
articles that interest them or are relevant to
them in some way, and ignore those that look
dull or irrelevant.
What information should I include? You may
have to describe personal experiences or
express opinions and ideas which people of
your age can identify with. What you write
need not be true.
What is the purpose of the article? To inform
readers about a particular topic in an
entertaining way.
What style should I use? Magazine articles,
especially for young adult readers, are often
written in a light-hearted style. The title and
opening paragraph should capture the
readers' attention.
light-hearted: adj. ˌlaɪtˈhɑː.tɪd/ happy and not
serious:
Be keen on: liking, interested in,
or wanting (to do) something very
much:
 Scuba diving - opens up the underwater world; you can see wonderful animals and plants; keeps you fit; great if you
love the water; takes you to interesting places; requires a'buddy'.
Example

Reader is likely to be a youngish person who is interested in underwater sports. Style is quite informal.
Introduction - brief introduction to concept of scuba diving and why I 'always wanted to do it'.
Paragraph 1 - nature: underwater world becomes open to the diver and the flora and fauna of the underwater world
are fascinating and often new; travel to exciting locations.
Paragraph 2 - health reasons, e.g. keeping fit; good for de­stressing.
Paragraph 3 - social: you have to have a 'buddy' to dive with; dive in groups; meet divers in other countries.
Conclusion - a reminder of how it all started, i.e. refer back to when I 'always wanted to do it'.
beyond your means: if you
are living beyond your means,
you are spending more money /ˌʃɒp.əˈhɒl.ɪk/
than you earn:
Debt: [ C or U ] /det/
something, especially money, from
that is owed to someone else, of
or the state of owing
something:
Income: /ˈɪŋ.kʌm/ money that in
is earned from doing work or /ɪkˈskɜː.ʃən/
received from investments: does
Regret: noun [ C or U ] /rɪ
ˈɡret/ a feeling of sadness
about something sad or wrong because
or about a mistake that you after
have made, and a wish that it with
could have been different and
better: out
Cope: verb [ I ] UK /kəʊp/
US /koʊp/to deal successfully
Few and a few: The difference
in meaning is subtle, but usually
few puts a little more attention
on the negative—that there is
not a large number (of people or
things). A few puts a little more
attention on the positive—that
there is a small number (of
people or things).
 Give back.
Gave out
Give up
Giving away
Gave in/ gave up

X
X

X
 /ˈaɪ.təm/

bit/piece/ word

bit/ piece/sheet

bit/ stroke

bit
bit/item/ piece

box

piece
1. You are going to read a magazine article which explains some of the reasons why people collect things. Six sentences
have been removed from the article. Choose from the sentences A-G the one which fits each gap (1-6). There is one
extra sentence which you do not need to use.

Rely on/upon someone/something: /rɪˈlaɪ/ to need a

Range: verb /reɪndʒ/ to have an upper and a lower limit in
particular thing or the help and support of someone or
amount, number, etc.:
something in order to continue, to work correctly, or to
Worth: adj. /wɜːθ/ having a particular value, especially in
succeed:
money:
Memorabilia: noun [ plural ] /ˌmem.ər.əˈbɪl.i.ə/ objects
Glisten: verb /ˈɡlɪs.ən/ to shine by reflecting light from a
that are collected because they are connected with a
wet or smooth surface:
person or event that is thought to be very interesting:
Amass: verb /əˈmæs/ to get a large amount of something,
If you are overwhelmed by a feeling or event, it affects
especially money or information, by collecting it over a
you very strongly, and you do not know how to deal with
long period:
it.
Recollection: /ˌrek.əˈlek.ʃən/ a memory of something:
Keepsake: noun [ C ] /ˈkiːp.seɪk/ a small present, usually 18

not expensive, that is given to you by someone so that you

will remember that person
 A. After showing me his favourite items,
he became silent, apparently disappointed
with my lack of response.

D B. And, like most similar obsessions, it lets

you live in another world for a while.
C. Despite this, she believes that some
people collect for money and profit.
D. However, more collections consist of
oddities that have nothing more than
E
sentimental value for the collector.
B
E. ln other words, people collect in an
G
effort to remember and relive the past.
F. Others collect items that are weird or
unusual to show their individualism.

A G. To collect every baseball card would be

impossible, leaving the collector with a
feeling of always being overwhelmed.
F
inspiration
relieve
explanation
provision
satisfaction
disappoint
appreciation
respond
belief
 See table on previous
slide

huge, old, Roman

unusual, green, cotton

beautiful, tall, modern

large, square, black and white

tiny, brand new, Japanese

 For questions 1-8, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each
gap. There is an example at the beginning (O).

their where

or

well
with

who/that
from

up

Compelled: adjective [ after verb ] /kəmˈpeld/ having to do something, because you are forced to or feel it is
necessary:
Neglect( verb [ T ] /nɪˈɡlekt/ to not give enough care or attention to people or things that are your responsibility:
 d. I hate long road journeys. I hate them most
in the winter when the roads are icy.
I hate long road journeys, especially in the
winter when the roads are icy.
dangerously deliberately, hard, sensitively e. My sister passed her driving test first time.
interestingly luckily surprisingly unfortunately That surprised everyone.
especially, even, only Luckily/Surprisingly, my sister passed her
always occasionally rarely sometimes driving test first time
absolutely completely totally very f. When I was four I broke my brother's
favourite toy. lt was not an accident.
When I was four, I deliberately broke my
brother’s favourite toy/ broke my brother’s
favourite toy deliberately.

b. I go to the theatre from time to time if there's something good on.
Occasionally/Sometimes I go to the theatre if there’s something good
on.
c. My brother was stopped by the police because he wasn't driving safely.
My brother was stopped by the police because he was driving
dangerously.
g. That was a terrible fire. The house was
destroyed - there's nothing left of it.
That was a terrible fire. The house was
completely/ totally destroyed.
Dana Check the titles first
Tatty: adj. /ˈtæt.i/ old and in bad condition:
CDT: Craft Design Technology (school)
Sway: verb /sweɪ/ to move slowly from side to side:
Breeze: noun /briːz/ a light and pleasant wind:
Sore: adj. /sɔːr/ (PAINFUL) painful and uncomfortable
E h because of injury, infection, or too much use:
C g
D c
H b
G a
F f
B d
 used to wear
used to cycling
get used to living

´m not used to eating

‘m used to driving
didn’t use to smoke

get used to being

wasn’t used to having

didn’t use to be
used to have
 Follow the numbers

c
d

e
b

a
 Cut down on
Putting on
Light up
Get by
Given up

give in
gave away/ had given away

give back
giving out
given up on
Unfortunately
completely

often
hurriedly
surprisingly

My neighbor makes a lo of noise

Can I have five pieces of equipment, please?
She asked for a sheet of paper to write on.
Correct as it is.
I would like a piece of fruit, please.
 How about…?

I’m absolutely sure that…

What do you think?

I think we should…
I’m not so sure