‫بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم‬

‫وأتقوا هللا ويعلمكم هللا‬

‫‪07/07/24‬‬ ‫‪Traffic Engineering - Dr. Ashraf‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

 ‫تخطيط النقل وهندســـة المــــــرور‬
))Transportation Engineering
Third Year – Civil Engineering

Dr. Ashraf El-Shahat

07/07/24 Traffic Engineering - Dr. Ashraf 2

 Transportation( ‫علم هندسة النقل‬
)Engineering

‫التصميم‬
‫اإلنشاء‬ ‫التخطيط‬
)Design(
)Construction( )Planning(

‫الصيانة‬
‫جمع البيانات‬
Data( ‫التشغيل‬
)Collection )Operation(
)Maintenance(

07/07/24 Traffic Engineering - Dr. Ashraf 3

 ‫محتويات المقرر‬
‫مقدمة لعلوم النقل (‪)Transportation Engineering‬‬ ‫‪.1‬‬
‫األبعاد الزمنية لتخطيط النقل (‪)Transportation Planning‬‬ ‫‪.2‬‬
‫عناصر ختطيط النقل (‪)Planning Elements‬‬ ‫‪.3‬‬
‫قواعد البيانات (‪)Data Base‬‬ ‫‪.4‬‬
‫مناذج التنبؤ بالطلب على اإلنتقال (‪)Prediction Models‬‬ ‫‪.5‬‬
‫خمططات النقل اإلسرتاتيجية (‪)Transportation Strategies‬‬ ‫‪.6‬‬
‫خصائص األفراد واملركبات (‪.)Driver and User Characteristics‬‬ ‫‪.7‬‬
‫خصائص تدفق املرور (‪.)Flow Characteristics‬‬ ‫‪.8‬‬
‫دراسات وخصائص أحجام املرور (‪.)Volume Studies‬‬ ‫‪.9‬‬
‫دراسات السرعة اللحظية (‪.)Speed Studies‬‬ ‫‪.10‬‬
‫دراسات أزمنة الرحالت والتأخري (‪.)Delay and Travel Time‬‬ ‫‪.11‬‬
‫نظم التحكم يف املرور (‪.)Traffic Control‬‬ ‫‪.12‬‬

‫‪07/07/24‬‬ ‫‪Traffic Engineering - Dr. Ashraf‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

 ‫المراجع والبرامج‬

.2003- ‫ الكود المصري ألعمال الطرق الحضرية – الجزء الثاني‬.1

Mcshane, W.R., Ross Roger P., Traffic.2

Engineering, USA, 1990
Garber, N., Traffic and Highway Engineering, USA,.3
1994

The Best and Famous software is (SYNCHRO) ****

Software

07/07/24 Traffic Engineering - Dr. Ashraf 5

 ‫تعريفات هامة‬
‫هندسة النقل (‪)Transportation‬‬
‫هو تطبيق مبادئ التكنولوجيا في تخطيط وتشغيل إدارة أي وسيلة من وسائل النقل‬
‫لتحقيق افضل وآمن وأسرع وسيلة لنقل البضائع والركاب‬

‫هندسة المرور (‪)Traffic‬‬

‫هو إحدي أنظمة علم النقل ويتعامل مع التخطيط والتصميم الهندسي وتشغيل المرور على‬
‫الطرق وكل ما يتعلق بها من مواقف وشبكة وتشغيل وعالقتها بأنظمة النقل األخري‬

‫‪07/07/24‬‬ ‫‪Traffic Engineering - Dr. Ashraf‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬

Components of Traffic System

Users

Roads

Controls Traffic Components

Vehicles
07/07/24 Traffic Engineering - Dr. Ashraf 7
 User Characteristics .1

Drivers Pedestrians

Unexpected Conditions
Expected Conditions

07/07/24 Traffic Engineering - Dr. Ashraf 8

Driver
Characteristics
Driver Characteristics can defined by Perception and Reaction Time

The American Association of Highway and Transportation Office

,(AASHTO) stipulate 2.5 sec perception time for normal conditions

Whereas, some complex conditions such as at multi-phase at-grade

intersection and ramp terminals need perception time ranges from 5 sec
.to 10sec

07/07/24 Traffic Engineering - Dr. Ashraf 9

 = Perception and Reaction Distance
Perception Distance (DP) + Braking Distance (DB)

=Perception and Reaction Distance

]255 (F± G) / )Vi – Vf([ + ]Vi T 0.278[
Example:-
A driver with perception and reaction time of 2.5 sec
is driving at 90 kph when he observes that an object
blocked the road ahead . Determine the distance the
vehicle would move before the driver could activate the
brake.
Solution
Distance = speed *time
Dp = 0.278 V*T
Dp = 0.278*90*2.5=62.5 m
07/07/24 Traffic Engineering - Dr. Ashraf 10
Pedestrians
Characteristics
Pedestrian characteristics is important and influence the design
and location of pedestrian control devices. Such control devices
include special pedestrian signals, safety zones and island at
intersection, pedestrian underpass, elevated walkways, and
.cross walks

A simplified body ellipse of 0.5m*0.6m with total area of

0.3m2 is used as the basic space for single pedestrian.
Pedestrian speed is highly dependent on the proportion of
elderly pedestrians (more than 65 years old)

.If 0.20% pedestrian is elderly………average speed is 1.5m/sec

If more than 20% pedestrian is elderly average speed is
.1.0m/sec
07/07/24 Traffic Engineering - Dr. Ashraf 11
2. Vehicle
Characteristics
. A passenger car ( PC ) .1
Transit Bus or large school bus .2

.A single unit track (SUT) .3

Trailer ( WB-40, WB-50 , wB-60) .4

The used vehicle type in traffic volume and

capacity calculation is the PC type.

HDC Trailer SUT S. Bus BUS PC Vehicle

6.0 3.5 2.5 3.0 2.0 1.0 Equivalency
(PC) Factor
07/07/24 Traffic Engineering - Dr. Ashraf 12
Type of vehicle is important in
-:determing of the following
, lane width -
, shoulder width -
parking bays , and -
length of curve -

07/07/24 Traffic Engineering - Dr. Ashraf 13

 ‫المركبة‬ ‫العرض اإلرتفاع‬ ‫الطول‬ ‫بروز بروز‬ ‫نصف‬ ‫نق‬
‫خلفي أمامي‬ ‫(داخلي) القطر‬
‫‪PC‬‬ ‫‪1.3‬‬ ‫‪2.1‬‬ ‫‪5.8‬‬ ‫‪0.9‬‬ ‫‪1.5‬‬ ‫‪7.3‬‬ ‫‪4.2‬‬
‫‪S.U.T‬‬ ‫‪4.1‬‬ ‫‪2.6‬‬ ‫‪9.1‬‬ ‫‪1.2‬‬ ‫‪1.8‬‬ ‫‪12.8‬‬ ‫‪8.5‬‬
‫‪Bus‬‬ ‫‪4.1‬‬ ‫‪2.6‬‬ ‫‪12.1‬‬ ‫‪2.1‬‬ ‫‪2.4‬‬ ‫‪12.8‬‬ ‫‪7.4‬‬
‫‪Trailer‬‬ ‫‪4.1‬‬ ‫‪2.6‬‬ ‫‪15.2‬‬ ‫‪1.7‬‬ ‫‪1.8‬‬ ‫‪12.2‬‬ ‫‪5.8‬‬

‫‪07/07/24‬‬ ‫‪Traffic Engineering - Dr. Ashraf‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬

07/07/24 Traffic Engineering - Dr. Ashraf 15
07/07/24 Traffic Engineering - Dr. Ashraf 16
 3. Road
Characteristics
The classification of the HWY depends on its type such
-:as

Divided HWY
such as (Expressway, and Freeway)
Undivided HWY
Roads or such as (2 lane–2 way highway, and
.Local streets )

‫م والذي يؤثر بدوره على السعة‬3.0 ‫م أو‬3.3 ‫م وقد يقل العرض إلى‬3.65 ‫العرض القياسي للحارة‬
.‫ على الترتيب‬%23 & %14 ‫القصوي للحارة بنسب‬

07/07/24 Traffic Engineering - Dr. Ashraf 17

 Divided Highway

Freeway Expressway

07/07/24 Traffic Engineering - Dr. Ashraf 18

 Undivided Highway

2way/2lane 2way/2lane
07/07/24 Traffic Engineering - Dr. Ashraf 19
The classification of the HWY depends on its land use
:either (urban) or (ruler) roads or (suburban) as following

• Freeways (‫)طرق حرة‬: there is no intersection and it has

free speed up to the max design speed
• Arterials (‫)طرق شريانية‬: it gives primarily service to
through traffic movement
• Collectors (‫)طرق تجميعية‬: to serve both through and land-
access function in equal properties.
• local streets (‫)طرق محلية‬: primarily serve land access
functions.

07/07/24 Traffic Engineering - Dr. Ashraf 20

4. Sign
Characteristics
Signs

Signals

Traffic Man

07/07/24 Traffic Engineering - Dr. Ashraf 21

 Conclusion
 Traffic engineering is a part of transportation
engineering under the title of operation process.
 Traffic component system consists of (User,
Vehicle, Roads and Control)
 The user include both the driver and pedestrians
and each one has some special characteristics
have be considered in the road design.
 The vehicle has different types it has to convert
to PC equivalent during the traffic calculations
 The roads has different types depend its land use
 The traffic control has a lot of different techniques
depend on road type.

07/07/24 Traffic Engineering - Dr. Ashraf 22

 Any Questions?

07/07/24 Traffic Engineering - Dr. Ashraf 23