IOT Protocols

• Link layer
• Network Layer
• Transport Layer
• Application Layer
 Link layer
Determines the how Data is Physically sent over the
network’s
Copper wire
Coaxial Cable
Radio wave
Scope of the link layer protocol is to network connection
to which host is connected

Link layer determines the how the packets are coaded

and signaled by the hard ware device over the medium to
which the host is attached.
Link layer

• 802.3- ETHERNET
• 802.11-WiFi
• 802.16-WiMax
• 802.15.4 –LR-WPAN
• 2G/3G/4G- MOBILE COMMUNICATION
802.3- ETHERNET
• Collection of wired Ethernet standard
• 10BASE5 Ethernet and uses the coaxial cable.
• 802.3.i 10BASE-T for Ethernet over copper twisted pair
• 802.3.i 10BASE-T for fiber optics.
• 802.3ac for 10 Gbit/s Ethernet over fiber.
 802.11- WiFi
• It is a collection of wireless local network Communication
standard
• 802.11a operates in the 5 GHz band
• 802.11b and 802.11g operates in the 2.4 GHz band
• 802.11n operates in the 2.4/5 GHz band
• 802.11ac operates in the 5 GHz band
• 802.11ad operates in the 60 GHz band
• These standards provides data rates from 1 Mb/s to upto
6.75 Gb/s
 802.16- WiMax

• IEEE 802.16 is a collection of wirless broadband

and Standards
• provides a data rates from from 1.5 Mb/s to 1Gb/s.
• 802.16m provides a data rates from from 100 Mb/s for
mobile stations and 1 Gbits for for fixed stations
 802.15.4- LR-WPAN

• IEEE 802.1 5.4 is a collections of standard for low rate

wireless personal area network.
• LR-WPAN standards provide data rates from 40 k b/ s.
• high level communication Zigbee.
• Provide low cost and low speed Communications for
power constrained devices.
2G / 3G / 4G mobile communications

• Including second generation (2G including GSM and

CDMA).
• 3rd Generation (3G including UMTS and CDMA2000) 4th
generation 4G including LTE
Network / internet layer :
• Responsible for sending of IP datagrams from the source
network to the destination network.
• This layer Performs the host addressing and packet
routing.
 IPV4

• Internet protocol versions 4

• Used to identify the device is on a network using a
hierarchy latest schemes.
• It uses 32 bit addresses scheme that allows total of 2 32
address.
• As more and more devices got connected to the
internet. The Ipv4 has succeeded by IPv6.
IPV6
Uses 128 bit address schemes that are lost total of 2 128
are 3.4X10 38 address

6LoWPAN
• Low power wireless personal area networks

• Brings IP protocol to the low power device which have

limited processing capability

• It operate in the 2.4 GHz frequency range and provide

the data transfer rate of 250 kb/s.

User Datagram protocol

• Connectionless protocol and stateless protocol.

• Time sensitive applications that have very small data
units to exchange
• Dose not provides
• guaranteed delivery
• Ordering of message
• Duplication Elimination
 Application Layer Protocol

• Defines how the applications interface with lower

layer protocols to send data over the n/w.
• Application data is a file encoded by the application
layer protocol which is encapsulated in the transport
layer.
• Enables process-to-process communication using ports
(port number).
Application layer protocols

• HTTP
• CoAP
• WebSoket
• MQTT
• XMPP
• DDS
• AMQP
 HTTP
• Hyper Text Transfer Protocol that forms foundation of
WWW.
• Follow request- response model Stateless protocol.
• HTTP commands includes
• GET
• PUT
• POST
• DELET
• HEAD
• TRACE etc.
• Stateless protocol and each HTTP request is independent
of the other client request.
 CoAP

• Constrained Application Protocol for machine-to-

machine (M2M) applications with constrained devices,
constrained environment and constrained n/w.
• Web transfer protocol and uses request-response
model
• Uses client- server architecture.
 WebSocket

• Allows full duplex communication over a single socket

connection.
 MQTT

• Message Queue Telemetry Transport is light weight

messaging protocol based on publish-subscribe model.
• Uses client server architecture.
• Well suited for constrained environment where the
devices have
• Limited process
• Memory resource
• Network band width is low
 XMPP

• Extensible Message and Presence Protocol

• For real time communication and streaming XML data
between network entities.
• Decentralized and uses client-sever archtecture
• Support client-server and server-server communication.
• Applications
• messaging
• Voice/video call
• gaming
DDS: Data Distribution Service

• data centric middleware standards for device-to-device

or machine-to-machine communication.
• Uses publish-subscribe model.
• DDS provides quality-of-service control and configurable
reliability.
AMQP: Advanced Message Queuing Protocol

• Open application layer protocol for business

messaging.
• Supports both point-to-point and publish-subscribe
model
IoT Communication Models

1) Request-Response
2) Publish-Subscibe
3) Push-Pull
4) ExclusivePair
Request-Response Model

• Is a stateless communication model and each request-

response pair is independent of others.
Publish-Subscibe Model
Push-Pull Model:
Exclusive Pair