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UNIT OBJECTIVES
By the end of this unit, student should be able to:
 Define the concept care and caring
 Explain the attributes of caring
 Define communication
 Explain communication as basis of caring
 Explain the characteristics of a caring nurse
 Explain the ethics of nursing
CARING

Define caring?
INTRODUCTION
Caring is an inborn characteristic that every human being possesses
Shows concern for others
People are caring for their skin, caring their flowers and other valuables
This differs in nursing, nurses are caring for strangers of all races, religious and
creeds.
INTRODUCTION CONT….
Professional nurses confess to take care of everyone who needs them
This set nursing apart from other health professionals
Other health professionals focus more on instrumental role (active), while
Nursing focuses on a holistic approach which is more expressive (involves
communication).
DEFINITION OF CARING
Caring means to be concerned about/ interested in
To have regard for, to show solicitude for the person in need
It can be physical caring
It concerned with the whole person, his/her fears, feelings and foibles
Concern also includes listening to the client’s needs and show compassion.
DEFINITION OF CARING
Nurses theories defined caring as assistive,
 supportive or facilitative acts,
 towards or for another individual or group,
 with evident or anticipated needs,
 to ameliorate or improve a human condition or life way.

Caring is:
 The alleviation of vulnerability;
 The promotion of growth and health;
 The facilitation of comfort, dignity or a good and peaceful death;
 Mutual realisation;
 The preservation and extension of human possibilities in a person, a community, a family, and a
tradition.
DEFINITION CONT….
Nursing is focuses on a holistic approach,
Which is more expressive because,
It involves five Cs of caring
DEFINITION CONT…

How do you understand about 5 Cs of caring?

THE FIVE CS OF CARING
Commitment
Compassion
Competency
Conscience
Confidence
THE FIVE CS OF CARING
1. Commitment:
It is defined:
 as a complex affective response characterised by a convergence between one’s
desires and one’s obligations and by
 deliberate choice to act in accordance with them.
 Is an intellectual and emotional decision to do something in which you believe
 By committing yourself, your are promising faithfully that you will do whatever
you have committed yourself to do
 Commitment involves doing, loving, showing no bias and being there.
THE FIVE CS CONT…
2. Compassionate:
It is defined as:
 A way of living, based on a person being aware of the fact that he / she has a
relationship with all living creatures
 It enables a person to be part of another person’s experiences
 It allows a person to be sensitive to pain
 It allows a person to share with and make room for other people
 Compassionate implies a full and willing immersion in all the condition of being
human
 Loving to have and share feelings with patients and,
 Understanding patients’ feelings.
THE FIVE CS CONT….
3. Competency
Is based on the comprehensiveness of a nurse’s
 knowledge
 Judgment,
 Skills
 Energy
 Experience and motivation.
Is also means to respond to the demand of your professional responsibilities
THE FIVE CS CONT…
4. Conscience
 Is defined as a state of moral awareness,
 As a compass directing a person’s behaviours according to the moral fitness of
things
 The sense condition which have about what we feel to be right or wrong
 If you have conscience- then you will show compassion, sympathy, empathy, and
humility
 The opposite is: cruelty, harshness and bad feelings
 Conscience cause you to become concerned about your patients condition
 THE FIVE CS CONT…

5. Confidence:
 Is the quality that helps to build trusting relationship
 A quality which foster trust without dependency, communicates, trust without violence
 If you are confident, then you are sure about your abilities, qualities and ideas.
 Confidence comes with competence, because you can not be confident about what you
are doing if you do not have the required competence
ATTRIBUTES OF CARING
Knowledge
Alternating rhythms or mood swings
Patience
Honesty
Trust
Humility
Hope
Courage
ATTRIBUTES OF CARING CONT…
From a moral perspective, caring encompasses the following attributes:
 Compassion
 Commitment
 Conscience
 Self-actualisation
 Competency
 Confidence
ATTRIBUTES OF CARING
Can be divided into three perspectives:
Caring attributes derived from a moral perspective
 Compassionate
 Commitment
 Conscience

The nurse’s self-actualisation

 Competence
 Confidence

Attributes of caring derived from personality

 In caring, your personality and character drive your caring attitudes
ATTRIBUTES OF CARING
Knowledge:
Know about the patient you are caring
Know the patient’s needs in order to intervene
Knowledge is acquired by:
 doing research and using the findings in real situation
 generating new theories and testing them
Nurses are now expected to use evidence-based practice
Knowledge is a tool that nurses can use to inform patients about their conditions and
care that they need.
ATTRIBUTES OF CARING
Alternating rhythms or mood swings
 Normal human mood swings occur in any relationship
 How you feel today is not necessarily how you might feel on another day
 These ups and downs are called alternating rhythms
 The best way to cope with this is to modify your ways of dealing with situations
 Experience means learning by doing.
ATTRIBUTES OF CARING CONT..
Patience
Caring for patients requires dedications, devotion and patience.
Know more about each other
Do not rush
Move on patient’s pace in order to achieve your goal
Building a caring relationship, it needs cooperation from the patients
This takes time and requires patience
Staff feel more secure when they know that their seniors are patience
ATTRIBUTES OF CARING CONT…
Honesty
 Being able to share your feelings and thoughts with other people
 Being able to talk about yourself and sharing your hopes, fears priorities and
problems areas
 Honesty is a positive and active confrontation between ourselves and other
people
 It include truth telling.
ATTRIBUTES OF CARING CONT…
Activity
A women has suffered three myocardial infarctions and is going to theatre to have a
coronary bypass. Her husband has just died in a car accident on his way to the
hospital.
At this point the woman asks you where her husband is
Respond to this woman.
ATTRIBUTES OF CARING CONT…
Trust
 Building a trusting relationship does not happen quickly
 Trust can only be built if you are honest and keep your promise
 Encourage others by giving them recognition for what they have achieved
ATTRIBUTES OF CARING CONT…
Humility
 Humility means respecting other for what they are
 It is displayed when you are thankful for what you know and are prepared to
share your knowledge in a correct way
 To display humility is a sign of being mature, because you are sure of your
competence and knowledge
 Speak down to a patient is not allowed, even if you do not agree with what the
patient has done
ATTRIBUTES OF CARING CONT…
Hope
 All patients in hospital need hope.
 Hope to recover
 It your duty to provide this hope
 Do not give false hope- is harmful to the patient
ATTRIBUTES OF CARING CONT…
Courage
 Courage enables the caring nurse to advocate for a person’s needs and the right
to treatment.
 Courage requires you as a nurse:
 Never to violate the rights of your patients
 To defend your own rights
 To accept your own humanity and the humanity of the patients
 To accept the uniqueness and self- ownership of the patient in your care
DEFINE COMMUNICATION
 It is a process during which the sender is transmitting ideas or a message to a
receive,
 Effective communication occurs only when the receiver understands the exact
idea that the sender intent to transmit
COMMUNICATION CONT…
Communication forms a link between attributes of caring ,
To bring about the relationship between the patient and the nurse
Trust is crucial
It involves mutual assistance and self- disclosure
The nurse should build the rapport – an aspect of communication that is often
overlooked
The other aspect is listening - is fundamental to caring
Other important aspects are : reflecting and probing
ETHICS OF CARING
Nurses are guided by two ethical approaches in caring:
 Right based approach
 Relation ethics approach
The right based approach is based on the principles of:
 Autonomy
 Beneficence
 Non maleficence
 Justice
 Veracity and
 Fidelity
ETHICS OF CARING CONT…
Relation ethics is based on the personal values,
The ethics of caring must not be informed by the ethics of rules and principles such,
 as beneficence and non- maleficence,
 which emphasis that we must not do harm but strive to good.
 Virtual ethics is very important- it emphasis the personal values of a nurse.
 Virtual ethics emphasis that it is the character of a man to determines what is
good
ETHICS OF CARING CONT…
 It is about innate being who will be able to socialise with others
 Virtual ethics instill responsibilities
 Enabling a person to embrace the WE thinking rather the I
 They emphasize the personal traits such as respect, caring, kindness, sharing…
 The virtual ethics are more or less similar to those of ubuntu
In Ubuntu, an individual must be seen in terms of his/her complimentary with
others
The fundamental values of ubuntu form the basis or cornerstone of African ethics
Question???