Compare and M

I N S T O R
B R A
Contrast Own
Opinions
SESSION with
Those Presented in
Ms. Christine Marie
Familiar Texts Semolava
 CONTENTS
The ability to compare and contrast is one of the first high-
order reading comprehension skills you are introduced to.
 CONTENTS
The ability to categorize and compare things in terms of their
differences and similarities corresponds to some of the earliest stages
of cognitive development.

Without the ability to group things effectively, in terms of their

similarities and differences, much of what we consider as “learning”
would be impossible.
  Finding how Awesome
two or more things are alike
idea!

 In relation to reading, refers to the process of identifying

the similarities between two things.
Compar  Clue words that tell how things are alike: same, like, both,

e
alike, still, likewise, in the same ways, , in comparisons,
at the same time, in the same manner, and similar.
 Awesome
 Finding how idea!
things are different

 It refers to identifying only the differences between two

Contrast things.

 Clue words that tell how things are different: but, unlike,
different, however, on the other hand, but, yet,
nevertheless, conversely, rather, on the contrary,
nonetheless, and whereas.
 Awesome
idea!

Graphic  These are useful tools for gathering details about the
items that you are comparing and contrasting.
Organize
rs
 Comparing and
Contrasting Opinions
 CONTENTS
In writing and speaking, formulating opinions could be
challenging. Evaluating the validity and credibility of evidence
in an argumentation alone asks for a lot of skills.
 CONTENTS
Learning to compare and contrast others’ ideas can help you
to be critical and reflective on the kind of information you will
feed yourself. However, primarily, you should learn to evaluate
someone’s claims first.
 CONTENTS
One way to evaluate other’s opinions is by identifying the
persuasive strategies used by the writer or speaker. Knowing
these strategies not only helps you formulate strong claims,
but also helps you identify the weak ones.
Persuasive Techniques
 CONTENTS
Ethos, pathos, and logos are three elements of persuasion
identified by Aristotle.

By appealing to these three elements, a speaker or writer will

increase his/her chances of persuading an audience.
  It is an appeal to the writer’s credibility, ethics, morals,
Awesome
and characters.
idea!

 When you evaluate an appeal to ethos, you examine how

successfully the writer or the speaker appeal to the
ETHOS audience’s sense of ethical behavior.

 The writer or speaker presents himself or herself to the

audience as credible, trustworthy, honest and ethical.
 Awesome
idea!

ETHOS
 Some of the questions you can ask yourself as you
Awesome
evaluate an author’s
idea!
ethos may include the following:
 Has the writer or speaker cited his/her sources or in some
way made it possible for the audience to access further
information on the issue

ETHOS  Does he/she demonstrate familiarity with the different

opinions and perspectives
 Does he/she provide complete and accurate information
on the issue
 Awesome
idea!

 It is an appeal to the emotions of the audience.

PATHO  Making people feel that they have a connection with the
topic at hand evokes certain emotions, beliefs, and values.

S
 Awesome
idea!

PATHO
S
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idea!
 It is an appeal to logic and reason.

 When you evaluate an appeal to logos, you consider the

LOGOS argument based on facts, evidence and reason.

 Using logos means appealing to the reader’s sense of

what is logical.
 Awesome
idea!

LOGOS
Grammatical Markers
in Comparing and
Contrasting
 CONTENTS
Now that you know how to evaluate claims, it is important that
you understand the grammatical markers that you may use in
contrasting and comparing these claims.
 Awesome
 idea!
like
The following  likewise
 same as
words or  as well as
phrases are  also
 both
used to  similar
 resemble
compare two
items or ideas: