Relationship Between Anxiety

and Quality of Life in Children

with Autism
Anxiety is common in individuals with autism, but its impact
on quality of life is less understood
Objective: Explore the impact of anxiety on quality of life in
children with autism
Method: Self – report study measuring anxiety and health –
related quality of life in children aged 6 – 13
Sample: 71 children on the autism spectrum
 Findings
Impact of Anxiety on Quality of Life
Results: Children with elevated anxiety had poorer total health – related
quality of life and lower scores in social, emotional, physical, and
school functioning quality of life domains
Regression Analysis: Difficulties with uncertainty predicted all health –
related quality of life domains, with higher levels of difficulty
predicting poorer health – related quality of life. Elevated anxious
arousal predicted poorer physical functioning.
 Conclusion
Conclusion: Anxiety has a significant impact on the quality of life of
children on the autism spectrum
Implication: Interventions targeting difficulties with uncertainty may
improve the quality of life of children with autism.
Psychological and Pharmacological
Treatments for Generalized Anxiety
Disorder (GAD): A Meta-Analysis
Objective: To conduct a meta-analysis of randomized
controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate the efficacy of
psychotherapies and medications for GAD.
Method: Self – report study measuring anxiety and health –
related quality of life in children
aged 6 – 13
Sample: 71 children on the autism spectrum
 Effect Sizes of Psychotherapy and
Medication
Findings: Psychotherapy demonstrated a medium to large effect
size (g = 0.76), while medication showed a small
effect size (g = 0.38) on GAD outcomes.
Impact on Depression: Both psychotherapy (g = 0.64) and
medication (g = 0.59) had a medium effect on
depression outcomes.
 Interpretation of Result
Implications: Empirically supported psychotherapy interventions showed a
medium to large effect on GAD outcomes, while medications
showed a small effect.
Impact on Depression: Both psychotherapy and medication had a medium
effect on depression outcomes.
Caution: Comparison of effect sizes between psychotherapy and medication
should be done cautiously due to differences in study
designs.
 Conclusion
The meta-analysis provides valuable insights into the
effectiveness of psychological and pharmacological treatments
for GAD. It highlights the need for further research to understand
moderators of treatment outcomes and address publication bias.
The Pattern of Structural Relationships of
Affective Temperaments with Symptoms of
Conduct Disorder: The Mediating Role of
Moral Disengagement in Adolescents

Conduct disorder is a risk factor for future antisocial

behaviors, and there is evidence suggesting the
influence of temperamental factors in its development
and persistence.
Objective:
To examine the pattern of structural relationships between
affective temperaments and symptoms of conduct disorder,
with a focus on investigating the mediating role of moral
disengagement in adolescents.
 Material and Methods
Study Design: The study utilized a descriptive-correlational method.
Participants: The statistical population comprised first and second-period high
school students in Urmia during the 2020-2021 academic years.
Sampling and Measures: Two hundred and twenty individuals were selected
through multistage random sampling and responded to the
strengths and difficulties questionnaire, affective and emotional
composite temperaments scale, and moral disengagement scale.
Data Analysis: Structural equation modeling was conducted using SmartPLS 3.
 Results
Main Findings: The results of structural equation modeling showed that
internalized and stable temperaments have a negative
direct effect on symptoms of conduct disorder, while
externalized and unstable temperaments have a positive
direct effect.
Mediating Role: Internalized and unstable temperaments have an indirect
effect on symptoms of conduct disorder via the mediating
role of moral disengagement.
 Conclusion
Conclusion: Internalized and stable temperaments can act as protective
factors, while externalized and unstable temperaments can act
as vulnerability factors for conduct disorder symptoms.
Implications: The findings highlight the importance of addressing
temperamental factors in the early identification of conduct
disorder and the need to develop skills to address moral
disengagement to prevent this disorder.