ABOUT THE SPECIAL LECTURER

MR. PHOEBUS APOLLO P. SAMSON

CHAIRMAN OF PBS GROUP OF COMPANIES
LECTURE 1: INTRODUCTION: BASIC
CONCEPT OF EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY

Prepared by: Phoebus Apollo Samson

 LESSON OBJECTIVES

DEFINE EXERCISE UNDERSTAND CONCEPTS IN FUNDAMENTALS OF

PHYSIOLOGY EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY
 INTRODUCTION
Have you ever thought of how our lifestyle affect our
bodies?

Exercise physiology is the study of human performance under physical stress, as

well as the relation between physical exercise and the structure and function of the
body. From an evolutionary standpoint, exercise physiology helps us better
understand our adaptation capacity and provides useful insights into today's
concerns with so-called "lifestyle diseases."

So, let's dig into the interesting area of exercise physiology.

 WHAT IS EXERCISE
PHYSIOLOGY?
• EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY IS A FUNDAMENTAL AND PRACTICAL SCIENCE THAT
ANALYZES AND DEFINES HOW THE BODY REACTS TO ACUTE EXERCISE AND
HOW IT ADAPTS TO CHRONIC TRAINING TO OPTIMIZE HUMAN PHYSICAL
POTENTIAL.
• IT STUDIES HOW SHORT AND LONG-TERM PHYSICAL EXERCISE, AS WELL AS
INACTIVITY, AFFECT THE BODY’S BASIC PHYSIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONING
AND THE MECHANISMS UNDERLYING THESE CHANGES.
MODULE I: BASIC CONCEPTS IN EXERCISE
PHYSIOLOGY
Chemical
ChemicalWaste
Waste
1.1 Metabolic Processes

Chemical Energy
Heat
MODULE I: BASIC CONCEPTS IN EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY

What is ATP?
ATP can be used to store energy for future
reactions or be withdrawn to pay for
reactions when energy is required by the
cell.
A cell's mitochondria produce ATP
through a process known as cellular
respiration. Mitochondria are small
parts of cells that take energy from
food and convert it into ATP.

adenosine triphosphate (ATP), energy-carrying molecule found in the cells of all living things.
MODULE I: BASIC CONCEPTS IN EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY

1.2
Macronutrients vs Micronutrients

Macronutrients include fats, carbohydrates, proteins, Micronutrients include minerals, vitamins, iron,
and water. The nutrients required in large amounts. fluorines, and others. The nutrients required in
small amounts.
MODULE I: BASIC CONCEPTS IN EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY

1.2
Macronutrients vs Micronutrients

Macronutrients contribute to the bulk energy needed Micronutrients help various functions of the body,
for the metabolic system. gowth, and disease prevention.
MODULE I: BASIC CONCEPTS IN EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY

1.3 Food energy and optimum nutrition for exercise and weight management Optimal nutrition is based
on a number of dietary recommendations to modify (reduce or increase) the intake of certain foods or
food components and the development of new foods in which the original composition is modified, in
terms of both nutrient and non-nutrient contents.

1.4 Nutritional aids to performance

Example: include a wide variety of foods like whole grain breads and cereals, vegetables (particularly
leafy green varieties), fruit, lean meat and low-fat dairy products to enhance long term nutrition habits
and behaviours. enable the athlete to achieve optimal body weight and body fat levels for performance.
MODULE I: BASIC CONCEPTS IN EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY

1.5 Energy Transfer

The energy produced from food in the human body is needed to
maintain basic functions (e.g., cell development and repair, breathing,
blood transport) as well as for performing physical tasks such as
work, exercise, and recreation.

Work Done

Input Output

Heat Loss

Energy Storage
MODULE I: BASIC CONCEPTS IN EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY

1.6 Fundamentals of Human Energy

THE 3 ENERGY SYSTEM

ATP-PC SYSTEMS LACTIC ACID SYSTEM AEROBIC SYSTEM

This is used for short, high
intensity, and powerful bursts of
exercise that can only keep you
going for 10 seconds.
This energy is used for high-intensity
activity and medium-length exercise,
which results in the burning sensation
that the activity lasts only for 30
seconds to 3 minutes.
This energy is used for low-intensity
activities that support long-distance
exercise that lasts from 3 minutes up
to an indefinite time frame.
MODULE I: BASIC CONCEPTS IN EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY

1.8 Energy expenditure during rest and physical activity

Energy expenditure is the amount of energy expended by the body

over a given time period.

Even during rest, such as sleeping or sitting, the body uses energy to maintain vital
bodily activities such as breathing, digestion, and blood circulation.

Physical activity, such as exercise, causes an increase in energy consumption as the

body adapts to performing work.
MODULE I: BASIC CONCEPTS IN EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY

1.9 Importance of diet to energy metabolism, exercise performance and weight management

Food intake patterns influence variations in energy expenditure
because they affect body size and composition (fat, bone, and
muscle percentages), which can modulate signals that optimize
energy usage and helps you sustain your exercise performance and
overall health.
Physical activity can improve your brain health, help you lose weight,
lower your risk of disease, strengthen your bones and muscles, and
increase your ability to perform daily tasks.
BODY RESPONSE TO PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND
EXERCISE
 MODULE 2: BODY RESPONSE TO PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND EXERCISE
1.1 Cardiovascular System

The cardiovascular system distributes blood

throughout the body. It can adjust the speed and
amount of blood that flows through the veins by
responding to various stimuli. The
cardiovascular system includes the heart,
arteries, veins, and capillaries. The heart and
vessels work together in sophisticated ways to
ensure adequate blood flow to all regions of the
body.
 MODULE 2: BODY RESPONSE TO PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND EXERCISE

1.2 Neuromuscular System

The neuromuscular system is made

up of all of the body's muscles as
well as the nerves that connect them.
 MODULE 2: BODY RESPONSE TO PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND EXERCISE

1.3 Endocrine System

The endocrine system is an intricate

network of glands and organs. Hormones
regulate your body's metabolism, energy,
reproduction, growth, and response to
injury, stress, and mood.
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