02_Introduction to Organization and Management

Lesson 01
Introduction to Organization and Management
Madushi Pussella
Lecturer, Department of Maritime Transportation Management &
Logistics MadushiP@ocu.ac.lk, mandakinimp66@gmail.com
0710980067
07/08/2024 MaE 501 Industrial Management 1
Learning Outcomes
After completing this session, students should be able to:
 Define organization, business and business organization
 Define management and understand core concepts of management
 Identify and understand management as a process of planning,
organizing, leading and controlling
 Understand managers
 Identify different types managers based on managerial levels
 Identify and understand skills need to be an effective manager
 Identify and understand managerial roles

Outline
• Define Organization
• Need of organizations
• Define Management
• Core concepts of management
• Management process
• Need of management
• Define Manager
• Types of managers
• Managerial skills
• Managerial roles

What is an Organization ?

An Organization - Definitions
 A group of people who work together in a structured way for a shared

purpose
(Cambridge Advanced Learners Dictionary)
 An organization is a two or more people who work together in a structured

way to achieve a specific goal or set of goals.
(Stoner and Freeman,2009)
 An organization is a deliberate arrangement of people to accomplish some

specific purpose.
(Robbins and Coulter, 2007)
Why we need Organizations?
07/08/2024 MaE 501 Industrial Management 6 6

What is a Business ?
A business is an any economic activity carried out to satisfy human needs

and wants
Business Organization
A business organization is a collection of individuals and deliberately

structured entity which produces goods and/or services utilizing limited
resources to achieve its specific goals and objectives.
Apply to all organizations: for profit, non-profit and not-for -profit.

Bases for Classification of Business Organizations
 Objective
 Product
 Ownership
 Scale
 Technology
 Market Etc.

Objectives of Business Organizations
 What is an objective?
Objectives are those end results toward which the organizational
activities are directed.
(Koontz and Donnel)
 Classification of objectives
Objectives can be classified based on the level of significance and
time horizon.
 Multiple objectives of an organization

Whose objective/s should be served by a
business?
Trade Political
Unions Parties
Stakeholders
of an Customers
organization General
Community
Media Debtors
Employees
Business
Competitors Organizations Suppliers
Educational
Owners
Institutions
Government Creditors
Customers
Trade
Associations
Financial
Institutions

Management in Business Organizations
Business
Organisatio Managemen
n t

Management Definitions
Management is the art of getting things done through other

people -Mary Parker Follet (1868-1933)
Management is the art of getting things done through and with people in
formally organized group -Koontz
Management is the process of planning, organizing, commanding,

coordinating and controlling - Fayol (1930)

Cont. …
Management is the process of planning, organizing, leading and

controlling, the efforts of organization members and of using all other
organizational resources to achieve organizational goals
(Stoner and Freeman,2009)
Management is the attainment of organizational goals in an effective and

efficient manner through planning, organizing, leading and controlling
organizational resources (Daft,2012 )

Cont....
Hence, Management can be broadly defined as a process of

planning, organizing, leading and controlling the limited resources
efficiently and effectively to achieve predetermined goals and
objectives in an ever changing business environment.

Management in Organizations
Environment
Planning Organizing
Inputs from the environment

• Human resources Goals Attained
• Financial resources • Efficiently
• Physical resources • Effectively
• Information resources
Controlling Leading
Source: Adapted from Van Fleet, David D., Contemporary Management, Second Edition

Core Concepts of Management
 Resources
 Efficiency
 Effectiveness
 Productivity
 Process
 Goals/Objectives
 Environment
( Core Concept is a notion or an idea, and in this context it refers to the key terms used to define and understand what
management is?)
Limited Resources
Money Information
Minutes
Machines
Men
Material
Methods
Resources
An organization's resources include,

 Human Resources
 Financial Resources
 Physical Resources
 Information Resources
(Griffin,2012)
19
Effectiveness & Efficiency
Efficiency:
The degree to which limited resources are
optimally used.
Effectiveness:
The degree to which the intended results are
07/08/2024 achieved. MaE 501 Industrial Management 20
Management – as a Process
Planning
Controlling Organizing
Leading

21
Four Functions of Management
(Jones and George, 2008)

Why Management?

23
Who is a Manager?

Manager/s
 The people responsible for directing the efforts aimed at helping organizations achieve their goals.
(Stoner, Freeman and Gilbert, 2008)
 Someone who coordinates and oversees the work of other people so that organizational goals can
be accomplished.
 Someone whose primary responsibility is to carry out the management process.
(Griffin,2012)
In general we can define a manager as someone who performs management functions in an

organization.

25
Types of Managers
 The Level of Authority (Managerial Levels)

First line managers
Middle managers
Top managers
 Scope of the Activities
Functional managers
General managers
 Responsibility of the Activities

Line managers
Staff managers

Classification of Managers by the Managerial Level
Top Managers – responsible for performance of the entire organization. They

develop organization’s vision, mission, goals and monitor middle-line
managers
Middle Managers – supervise first-line managers. They are also

responsible to find the best way to use departmental resources to
achieve goals
First-line Managers – responsible for day-to-day operations.

They supervise employees performing activities required to
make goods and services

Types of Managers based on the Scope of Activities in an
Organization
General
Manager
Production Marketing
Marketing Finance
Finance HR
HR
Manager Manager
Manager Manager
Manager Manager
Manager

Classification of Managers by the
Responsibility
General
Manager
Production Marketing Finance HR

Manager Manager Manager Manager
Direct Responsibility Indirect Responsibility
Line Staff
Managers Managers
Managerial Skills
Managerial skills is generally a pre-requisite for management success.

(Certo and Certo 2009)
What type of skills do managers need?

Robert L. Katz proposed that managers need three critical skills in
managing an organization.
 Conceptual skills
 Human skills
 Technical skills

30
Relative Skills Needed for Effective Performance at Different Levels
of Management

What Managers Do?
Henry Mintzberg’s Managerial Roles
Managerial roles refers to specific actions or behaviors expected of and

exhibited by a manager.

Key Managerial Roles (Mintzberg)
Key
KeyManagement
Management
Roles
Roles
Informational
Informational Decisional
Decisional
Interpersonal
InterpersonalRoles
Roles Roles
Roles Roles
Roles
 Figurehead
Figurehead  Monitor
Monitor  Entrepreneur
Entrepreneur
 Leader
Leader  Disseminator
Disseminator (Innovator)
(Innovator)
 Liaison
Liaison  Spokesperson
Spokesperson  Disturbance
Disturbance
Handler
Handler
 Resource
ResourceAllocator
Allocator
 Negotiator
Negotiator

33
To
Tobe
bean
aneffective
effectiveand
andefficient
efficientmanager,
manager,we
weneed
need
Knowledge Skills Positive

Knowledge Skills PositiveAttitudes
Attitudes
Know-what Know-how Positive

Positiveattitudes
attitudeson
onwork
work
Know-what Know-how
Positive
Positiveattitudes
attitudeson
onpeople
people
General
GeneralSkills
Skills Specific
SpecificSkills
Skills Positive
Positiveattitudes
attitudeson
onenvironment
environment
Conceptual
Conceptual Positive
Positiveattitudes
attitudeson
onself
self
Skills
Skills
Technical
TechnicalSkills
Skills
Human
HumanSkills
Skills

Management and the New Work Place

The New Workplace
New workplace Old workplace
 Forces
technology digital mechanical
markets global local, domestic markets
workforces diverse homogeneous
pace change, speed stability, efficiency
events turbulent calm, predictable
 Characteristics
resources information, knowledge physical assets
work flexible, virtual structured, localized
workers empowered loyal
 Management competencies
Leadership dispersed, empowering autocratic
doing work by teams by individuals
relationships collaboration conflict, competition
design experimentation, learning top down control
07/08/2024 MaE 501 Industrial Management (Daft, 2012) 36

36
Manager’s Role
Or, be adaptive and survive ? ? ?

Point to think...
What is really management?

 Has it succeeded?
 Is it simple as we discussed?
Then why
World Economic Crisis?
Labour Issues?
Protests? etc.

Be prepared for
Session 03
Functions of Management

Thank you!

02_Introduction to Organization and Management

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

02_Introduction to Organization and Management

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Lesson 01

Introduction to Organization and Management

07/08/2024 MaE 501 Industrial Management 2

07/08/2024 MaE 501 Industrial Management 3

07/08/2024 MaE 501 Industrial Management 4

 A group of people who work together in a structured way for a shared

 An organization is a two or more people who work together in a structured

 An organization is a deliberate arrangement of people to accomplish some

07/08/2024 MaE 501 Industrial Management 6 6

A business is an any economic activity carried out to satisfy human needs

A business organization is a collection of individuals and deliberately

Apply to all organizations: for profit, non-profit and not-for -profit.

07/08/2024 MaE 501 Industrial Management 8

 Multiple objectives of an organization

07/08/2024 MaE 501 Industrial Management 11

07/08/2024 MaE 501 Industrial Management 12

Management is the art of getting things done through other

Management is the process of planning, organizing, commanding,

07/08/2024 MaE 501 Industrial Management 13

Management is the process of planning, organizing, leading and

Management is the attainment of organizational goals in an effective and

07/08/2024 MaE 501 Industrial Management 14

Hence, Management can be broadly defined as a process of

07/08/2024 MaE 501 Industrial Management 15

Inputs from the environment

07/08/2024 MaE 501 Industrial Management 16 16

An organization's resources include,

07/08/2024 MaE 501 Industrial Management 21

(Jones and George, 2008)

07/08/2024 MaE 501 Industrial Management 23

07/08/2024 MaE 501 Industrial Management 24

 Someone whose primary responsibility is to carry out the management process.

In general we can define a manager as someone who performs management functions in an

07/08/2024 MaE 501 Industrial Management 25

 The Level of Authority (Managerial Levels)

 Responsibility of the Activities

07/08/2024 MaE 501 Industrial Management 26

Top Managers – responsible for performance of the entire organization. They

Middle Managers – supervise first-line managers. They are also

First-line Managers – responsible for day-to-day operations.

07/08/2024 MaE 501 Industrial Management 27

07/08/2024 MaE 501 Industrial Management 28

Production Marketing Finance HR

Managerial skills is generally a pre-requisite for management success.

What type of skills do managers need?

07/08/2024 MaE 501 Industrial Management 30

07/08/2024 MaE 501 Industrial Management 31

Henry Mintzberg’s Managerial Roles

Managerial roles refers to specific actions or behaviors expected of and

07/08/2024 MaE 501 Industrial Management 32

07/08/2024 MaE 501 Industrial Management 33

Knowledge Skills Positive

Know-what Know-how Positive

07/08/2024 MaE 501 Industrial Management 34

07/08/2024 MaE 501 Industrial Management 35

07/08/2024 MaE 501 Industrial Management (Daft, 2012) 36

Or, be adaptive and survive ? ? ?

07/08/2024 MaE 501 Industrial Management 37

What is really management?

07/08/2024 MaE 501 Industrial Management 38

07/08/2024 MaE 501 Industrial Management 39

07/08/2024 MaE 501 Industrial Management 40

You might also like