SHRI MADHWA VADIRAJA INSTITUTE OF

TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT

Microcontroller
18EC46

Venugopala Rao A S
Dept. of CSE
venugopalrao.cs@sode-edu.in
Microprocessor Microcontroller
Microprocessor v/s Microcontroller
contains ALU, General purpose registers, contains the circuitry of microprocessor, and
stack pointer, program counter, clock in addition it has built in ROM, RAM, I/O
timing circuit, interrupt circuit Devices, Timers/Counters etc.
It has many instructions to move data It has few instructions to move data between
between memory and CPU memory and CPU
Few bit handling instruction It has many bit handling instructions
Less number of pins are multifunctional More number of pins are multifunctional
Single memory map for data and code Separate memory map for data and code
Access time for memory and IO are more Less access time for built in memory and IO.
More flexible in the design point of view Less flexible since the additional circuits
which is residing inside the microcontroller is
fixed for a particular microcontroller
Large number of instructions with flexible Limited number of instructions with few
addressing modes addressing modes
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 Microcontrollers for Embedded Systems
• Microcontrollers for Embedded Systems
• An embedded product uses a microprocessor (or microcontroller) to do one task
and one task only
• There is only one application software that is typically burned into ROM
• On the other hand, A PC, with the embedded system, can be used for any number
of applications
• It has RAM memory and an operating system that loads a variety of applications
into RAM and lets the CPU run them
• A PC contains or is connected to various embedded products
• Each one peripheral has a microcontroller inside it that performs only one task

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 Microcontrollers for Embedded Systems
• Applications of embedded systems
• Home
• Appliances, intercom, telephones, security systems, garage door openers, answering
machines, TVs, cable TV tuner, VCR, camcorder, remote controls, video games,
cellular phones, musical instruments, sewing machines, lighting control, camera,
toys etc.
• Office
• Telephones, computers, security systems, fax machines, copier, laser printer, colour
printer, paging
• Automobile industry
• Trip computer, engine control, air bag, ABS, instrumentation, security system,
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 Microcontrollers for Embedded Systems
• One of the most critical needs of an embedded system is to decrease power
consumption and space
• In high-performance embedded processors, the trend is to integrate more functions
on the CPU chip and let designer decide which features he/she wants to use
• In many cases using x86 PCs for the high-end embedded applications  saves
money and shortens development time
• A vast library of software already written
• Windows is a widely used and well understood platform

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 Microcontrollers for Embedded Systems
• Criteria for Choosing a Microcontroller
• Meeting the computing needs of the task at hand efficiently and cost effectively
• Speed
• Packaging
• Power consumption
• The amount of RAM and ROM on chip
• The number of I/O pins and the timer on chip
• How easy to upgrade to higher performance or lower power consumption versions
• Cost per unit
• Availability of software development tools, such as compilers, assemblers, and
debuggers
• Wide availability and reliable sources of the microcontroller
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 Microcontrollers for Embedded Systems
• The 8051 family has the largest number of diversified suppliers
• Intel (original), Atmel, Philips/Signetics, AMD, Infineon (formerly Siemens), Matra,
Dallas Semiconductor/Maxim
• Intel introduced 8051, referred as MCS-51, in 1981
• The 8051 is an 8-bit processor
• The CPU can work on only 8 bits of data at a time
• The 8051 had
• 128 bytes of RAM
• 4K bytes of on-chip ROM
• Two timers
• One serial port
• Four I/O ports, each 8 bits wide
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 Overview of 8051 family
• There are two other members in 8051 family of Microcontroller.
• They are 8052 and 8031.
• 8052 has all standard features of 8051 with an extra 128 bytes of RAM and an
extra timer. i.e. a total of 256 bytes of RAM and 3 timers.
• It also has 8K bytes of on chip program instead of 4K bytes.
• 8031 Microcontroller is often referred as a ROM less 8051 since it has 0K bytes
of on chip ROM.
• To use this chip we must add external ROM to it.
• Two ports will be lost in the process of adding external ROM.

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 Overview of 8051 family
• Comparison of 8051 family

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 8051 Architecture

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 8051 Architecture
• Salient features of 8051 microcontroller:
• Eight bit CPU
• On chip clock oscillator
• 4Kbytes of internal program memory (code memory) [ROM]
• 128 bytes of internal data memory [RAM]
• 64 Kbytes of external program memory address space.
• 64 Kbytes of external data memory address space.
• 32 bit directional I/O lines
• can be used as four 8 bit ports or 32 individually addressable I/O lines
• Two 16 Bit Timer/Counter :T0, T1
• Full Duplex serial data receiver/transmitter
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 8051 Architecture
• Sixteen bit Program counter (PC) and a data pointer (DPTR)
• 8 Bit Program Status Word (PSW)
• 8 Bit Stack Pointer
• Five vector interrupt structure (RESET not considered as an interrupt.)
• 8051 CPU consists of 8 bit ALU with associated registers like accumulator ‘A’, B
register, PSW, SP, 16 bit program counter, stack pointer.
• ALU can perform arithmetic and logic functions on 8 bit variables.
• 8051 has 128 bytes of internal RAM which is divided into
• Working registers [00 – 1F]
• Bit addressable memory area [20 – 2F]
• General purpose memory area (Scratch pad memory) [30-7F]
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 8051 Architecture

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 8051 Architecture

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 8051 Architecture

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 8051 Architecture

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 8051 Architecture

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 8051 Architecture

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 8051 Architecture

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 8051 Architecture

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 8051 Architecture

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 8051 Architecture

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 8051 Architecture

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 8051 Architecture

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